Kinds of Variables and Their Uses Flashcards
Any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls, and/or manipulates
Variable
Enumerate the classifications of variables
- Numeric Variables
- Categorical Variables
- Experimental Variables
- Non-experimental Variables
- Variables according to the number being studied
- variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity
- answer the questions “how many” or “how much”
Numeric Variables
- assume any value between a certain set of real numbers
- value depend on the scale used
- also called internal variables
Continuous Variable
- can only assume any whole value within the limits of the given variable.
Discrete Variables
Examples of Discrete Variables
example: number of registered cars, number of children in family, population of students
example of continuous variables
example: time, age, temperature, height and weight
- variables with values that describe a quality or characteristic of a data unit like “what type” or “which category”
Categorical Variables
- can take a value which can be logically ordered or ranked
Ordinal Variables
Examples of ordinal variables
academic grades (A,B,C), clothing size (X,L,M,S)
values cannot be organized in a logical sequence.
nominal variables
ex of nominal variables
- eye colors, kinds of religion, various languages, types of learners
variables that represent only 2 categories
dichotomous variables
ex of dichotomous variables
- gender (male or female)
- answer (yes or no)
variables that have many categories
polychotomous variables
ex of polychotomous variables
- educational attainment (elementary, high school, college), level of performance (excellent, very good, good, or poor)
- manipulated in an experiment.
- manipulated/explanatory variable
independent variables
- usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables
- response/predicted variable
dependent variables
- also called mediating or intervening variables
- already existing during the conduct of an experiment
- could influence the result of the study.
- covariate variables
Extraneous Variables
- change the other variable/s in a non-experimental study
Predictor Variables
usually influenced by the predictor variables
criterion variables
only one variable is being studied
univariate study
2 variables being studied
bivariate study
more than 2 variables being studied
polyvariate study
kinds of numeric variables
- discrete variable
- continuous variable
kinds of categorical variables
- ordinal variables
- nominal variables
- dichotomous variables
- polychotomous variables
kinds of experimental variables
- independent variables
- dependent variables
- extraneous variables
kinds of non-experimental variables
- predictor variables
- criterion variables
variables according to the number being studied
- univariate study
- bivariate study
- polyvariate study
Identify the independent, dependent, and extraneous variables in the following title:
Use of Gardening Tools of Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest
- Independent Variable: Use of Gardening tools, types of fertilizer
- Dependent Variable: Amounts of harvest
- Extraneous variable: Types of seed/plants, humidity level
Identify the independent, dependent, and extraneous variables in the following title:
An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils
- Independent: Method of teaching
- Dependent: Language achievement
- Extraneous: Ventilation facilities; physical ambiance
Identify the predictor and criterion variables in the following title:
Competencies of Teachers and Students’ Behavior in Selected Private Schols
- Predictor: competencies of teacher
- Criterion: students’ behavior
Identify the predictor and criterion variables in the following title:
Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and Degree Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate Among Grade 8 Classes
- Predictor: conduct of guidance counseling programs
- Criterion: degree of absenteeism and drop-out rate
