Kinds of Variables and Their Uses

Question 1

Any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls, and/or manipulates

Answer 1

Variable

Question 2

Enumerate the classifications of variables

Answer 2

• Numeric Variables
• Categorical Variables
• Experimental Variables
• Non-experimental Variables
• Variables according to the number being studied

Question 3

• variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity
• answer the questions “how many” or “how much”

Answer 3

Numeric Variables

Question 4

• assume any value between a certain set of real numbers
• value depend on the scale used
• also called internal variables

Answer 4

Continuous Variable

Question 5

• can only assume any whole value within the limits of the given variable.

Answer 5

Discrete Variables

Question 6

Examples of Discrete Variables

Answer 6

example: number of registered cars, number of children in family, population of students

Question 7

example of continuous variables

Answer 7

example: time, age, temperature, height and weight

Question 8

• variables with values that describe a quality or characteristic of a data unit like “what type” or “which category”

Answer 8

Categorical Variables

Question 9

• can take a value which can be logically ordered or ranked

Answer 9

Ordinal Variables

Question 10

Examples of ordinal variables

Answer 10

academic grades (A,B,C), clothing size (X,L,M,S)

Question 11

values cannot be organized in a logical sequence.

Answer 11

nominal variables

Question 12

ex of nominal variables

Answer 12

• eye colors, kinds of religion, various languages, types of learners

Question 13

variables that represent only 2 categories

Answer 13

dichotomous variables

Question 14

ex of dichotomous variables

Answer 14

• gender (male or female)
• answer (yes or no)

Question 15

variables that have many categories

Answer 15

polychotomous variables

Question 16

ex of polychotomous variables

Answer 16

• educational attainment (elementary, high school, college), level of performance (excellent, very good, good, or poor)

Question 17

• manipulated in an experiment.
• manipulated/explanatory variable

Answer 17

independent variables

Question 18

• usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables
• response/predicted variable

Answer 18

dependent variables

Question 19

• also called mediating or intervening variables
• already existing during the conduct of an experiment
• could influence the result of the study.
• covariate variables

Answer 19

Extraneous Variables

Question 20

• change the other variable/s in a non-experimental study

Answer 20

Predictor Variables

Question 21

usually influenced by the predictor variables

Answer 21

criterion variables

Question 22

only one variable is being studied

Answer 22

univariate study

Question 23

2 variables being studied

Answer 23

bivariate study

Question 24

more than 2 variables being studied

Answer 24

polyvariate study

Question 25

kinds of numeric variables

Answer 25

- discrete variable - continuous variable

Question 26

kinds of categorical variables

Answer 26

- ordinal variables - nominal variables - dichotomous variables - polychotomous variables

Question 27

kinds of experimental variables

Answer 27

- independent variables - dependent variables - extraneous variables

Question 28

kinds of non-experimental variables

Answer 28

- predictor variables - criterion variables

Question 29

variables according to the number being studied

Answer 29

- univariate study - bivariate study - polyvariate study

Question 30

Identify the independent, dependent, and extraneous variables in the following title: Use of Gardening Tools of Types of Fertilizer: Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest

Answer 30

- Independent Variable: Use of Gardening tools, types of fertilizer - Dependent Variable: Amounts of harvest - Extraneous variable: Types of seed/plants, humidity level

Question 31

Identify the independent, dependent, and extraneous variables in the following title: An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language Achievement Among Elementary Pupils

Answer 31

- Independent: Method of teaching - Dependent: Language achievement - Extraneous: Ventilation facilities; physical ambiance

Question 32

Identify the predictor and criterion variables in the following title: Competencies of Teachers and Students' Behavior in Selected Private Schols

Answer 32

- Predictor: competencies of teacher - Criterion: students' behavior

Question 33

Identify the predictor and criterion variables in the following title: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs and Degree Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate Among Grade 8 Classes

Answer 33

- Predictor: conduct of guidance counseling programs - Criterion: degree of absenteeism and drop-out rate