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Kin 428 > kin428 > Flashcards

kin428 Flashcards

1
Q

Tendon role/function

A

Transmit force from muscle to bone.

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2
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon and tendon sheath.

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3
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of just the tendon.

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4
Q

Enthesopathy

A

aka insertional tendinitis. Occurs at the bone-tendon junction.

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5
Q

Peritendinitis

A

inflammation of the sheath.

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6
Q

Myotendinitis

A

inflammation of the muscle-tendon interface.

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7
Q

Mechanisms of tendon disorder development

A

excessive & typically repetitive tensile loading, compression (transverse) with tension, and tendon strength decreases with age.

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8
Q

Muscle function

A

Activators of the lever system of the skeleton. Produce force, generate movement, stabilize joints, blood supply etc.

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9
Q

Myalgia

A

muscle soreness & pain. (localized regions are tender to the touch).

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10
Q

Myositis

A

inflammation of the muscle tissue.

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11
Q

Myofascial pain syndrome

A

Chronic myalgia usually due to insufficient recovery & excessive use.

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12
Q

Fibromyalgia /Fibrositis

A

End stage of myalgia. Symptoms: spastic muscles, tingling, nervousness, and sleeplessness.

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13
Q

Mechanisms of muscle disorder development

A

External forces on passive tissues.

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14
Q

Nerve function

A

sends signals throughout the body.

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15
Q

Neural entrapment

A

The nerve is trapped between 2 tissues (ex. muscle, bones, ligaments, other tendons) resulting in impaired blood flow & oxygenation and mechanical blocking of depolarization.

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16
Q

Double crush syndrome

A

One entrapment raises the likelihood of another axonal flow disruption.

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17
Q

Digital Neuritis

A

Nerve inflammation due to direct pressure, generally in the fingers and thumb.

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18
Q

Mechanisms of nerve disorder development

A

compression of the nerve leads to damage-inflammation-fibrin deposits- fibrous tissue- axonal degeneration. Vibration and direct pressure (external) accelerates the process.

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19
Q

HAVS

A

Hand arm vibration syndrome.

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20
Q

Vasculature function

A

Provides material to cells for normal function. (especially O2).

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21
Q

Ischemia

A

Decrease in blood supply (& O2) to a body part caused by vessel constriction/ obstruction.

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22
Q

Example of vascular disorders

A

HAVS, Raynauds syndrome (white fingers), and hypothenar hammer syndrome (ulnar artery).

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23
Q

Precipitating factors for vascular disorders

A

Vibration, cold, direct pressure, smoking, and diabetes.

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24
Q

Bursa

A

A sack or sack-like body usually containing synovial fluid and situated around joints (articulations).

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25
Q

Primary roles of bursa

A

Reduce friction and distribute forces.

26
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa.

27
Q

Causes of bursitis

A

friction, trauma, inflammatory diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis), and bacterial infection.

28
Q

Bursitis locations in the UE

A

Shoulder (subacromial) and elbow.

29
Q

Role of bone

A

Form, factories, and function.

30
Q

Role of cartilage

A

Cushioning, support, shock absorption, and joint conformity/ congruency.

31
Q

Gout

A

specialized case of rheumatoid arthritis.

32
Q

Arthritis

A

local joint inflammation resulting in pain, swelling, and stiffness. Osteo… = most common.

33
Q

Arth means

A

Joint.

34
Q

Rheumatoid

A

generalized/systemic inflammation.

35
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Cartilage degeneration.

36
Q

Fractures

A

Usually traumatic with the exception of stress fractures (incomplete or slow healing of micro fractures).

37
Q

Causes of bone/cartilage disorders

A

trauma, bone joint motion (cumulative), systemic diseases, and ideopathic.

38
Q

Epidemiology definition

A

Branch of medicine that studies epidemic diseases.

39
Q

Relevance of epidemiology to MSDs (in and out of work)

A

MSDs are reaching epidemic proportions because of an older population and increased reporting & awareness.

40
Q

Incidence

A

Frequency of development of new cases of an illness in a given time period usually 1 year.

41
Q

Prevalence

A

Current number of people suffering from an illness in a given time period usually 1 year.

42
Q

Manipulation

A

control of exposure level and duration.

43
Q

Randomization

A

Use of chance to assign exposures. (sometimes hard to do)

44
Q

Factors in epidemiological studies

A

manipulation and randomization.

45
Q

General study types

A

Experimental, Quasi-experimental, and observational.

46
Q

Experimental

A

aka interventional, allows greatest control over exposures and participants.

47
Q

Quasi-experimental

A

Manipulate study factors but not subjects, i.e. non random populations.

48
Q

Observational

A

Examining exposure patterns & outcomes to draw inferences about disease etiology (beginning).

49
Q

Interpreting odds and risk ratios

A

know that benefit = < 1 & hazard = > 1.

50
Q

Multivariate modeling

A

multiple factors influencing an outcome.

51
Q

Factors related to epidemiological study quality

A

Temporality, temporal congruity, covariance, congruity, and plausibility.

52
Q

Temporality

A

Exposure precedes the outcome.

53
Q

Temporal contiguity

A

Timelines of the exposure (how long ago was the exposure).

54
Q

Covariance

A

Does decreased exposure decrease outcomes. (are things moving together).

55
Q

Congruity

A

Direct association between exposure and outcome.

56
Q

Dose response relationship

A

i.e. 2x exposure = 4x outcome. Difficult to establish.

57
Q

Plausibility

A

Are things reasonably explainable. Physiological/ biomechanical/ neurologically plausible.

58
Q

Characteristics of the shoulder

A

Mobility, instability, geometric complexity, and experimental inaccessibility.

59
Q

Shoulder components

A

bones, joints(labrum & ligaments), muscles, bursa, nerves, and vasculature.

60
Q

Sternum

A

Breast bone & base of the arm attached to the ribs by cartilage. Two palpable points are the SSN and XP.

61
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

relatively low intrinsic stability, full disk, ligaments provide isometric joint stabilization & limit clavicle ROM.

62
Q

Degrees of freedom in sternoclavicular joint

A

3 degrees of freedom; all rotational (or angular) with generally no translational because of ligaments. Elevation/depression: 30-35 degrees. Anterior/posterior: approximately 35 degrees. Long Axis: approximately 45-50 degrees (10 down, 35 forward).

Kin 428 (2 decks)

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