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Kin 428 > Kin 428 > Flashcards

Kin 428 Flashcards

1
Q

(Neuro) Musculoskeletal Disorders definition

A

Injuries and disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage and bone.

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2
Q

MSD magnitude estimation for hand and wrist

A

9.4% overall population, 22% working population.

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3
Q

MSD magnitude estimation for elbow pain

A

7-12% of working population

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4
Q

Carpal tunnel prevalence

A

0.6-61% (modifiers include: type of person and work.)

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5
Q

shoulder pain prevalence

A

7-21%

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6
Q

Wide variation in UEMSD prevalence estimates due to

A

reporting, definition of disorder, population studied.

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7
Q

tissue types for UED’s

A

tendon, muscle, nerve, vascular system, bursa, bone and cartilage.

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8
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome by tissue type

A

Nerve

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9
Q

Rotator cuff tendinitis by tissue type

A

tendon

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10
Q

bicipital tendinitis by tissue type

A

tendon

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11
Q

Radial tunnel syndrome by tissue type

A

Nerve

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12
Q

medial epicondylitis by tissue type

A

tendon

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13
Q

lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) by tissue type

A

tendon

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14
Q

Posterior/anterior interosseous syndrome by tissue type

A

Nerve

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15
Q

hypothenar hammer syndrome by tissue type

A

Vascular

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16
Q

de quervains syndrome by tissue type

A

tendon

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17
Q

digital neuritis (bowlers thumb) by tissue type

A

Nerve

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18
Q

trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) by tissue type

A

tendon

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19
Q

focal dystonia (writers cramp) by tissue type

A

Muscle

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20
Q

Dupuytern’s contracture by tissue type

A

tendon

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21
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome by tissue type

A

Nerve

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22
Q

flexor tenosynovitis by tissue type

A

tendon

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23
Q

flexor tendinitis by tissue type

A

tendon

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24
Q

cubital canal syndrome by tissue type

A

nerve

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25
Q

Raynauds syndrome by tissue type

A

Vascular

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26
Q

White finger by tissue type

A

Vascular

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27
Q

Ganglionic cysts by tissue type

A

tendon

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28
Q

radiculopathy (cervical syndrome) by tissue type

A

Nerve

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29
Q

tension neck syndrome by tissue type

A

muscle

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30
Q

guyon canal syndrome by tissue type

A

nerve

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31
Q

extensor tenosynovitis by tissue type

A

tendon

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32
Q

extensor tendinitis by tissue type

A

tendon

33
Q

Bursitis by tissue type

A

joint

34
Q

shoulder tendinitis (rotator cuff) by tissue type

A

tendon

35
Q

Review of tendon role

A

transmit force from muscle to bone

36
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon and tendon sheath

37
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of only the tendon

38
Q

Enthesopathy

A

“insertional tendinitis” occurs at the bone tendon junction. low inflammation.

39
Q

Peritendinitis

A

inflammation of the sheath

40
Q

Myotendinitis

A

inflammation of the muscle tendon interface

41
Q

Mechanisms of tendon disorder development

A

Excessive typically repetitive tensile loading (increased capillaries (need more blood to enhance healing), inflammation (immune response), edema (bruising), micro-tears (stack enough of these = total tear), fiber separation), compression (transverse) with tension (rapid structure deformation), tendon strength decreases as age increases.

42
Q

Review of muscle function

A

Activators of the lever system of the skeleton initiate movements and produce force, also stabilize joint.

43
Q

myalgia

A

muscle soreness and pain. Localized regions are tender to the touch.

44
Q

Myositis

A

muscle inflammation

45
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

Chronic myalgia usually due to insufficient recovery and excessive use.

46
Q

Fibromyalgia/ fibrositis

A

End stage of myalgia. The symptoms include: spastic muscles, tingling, nervousness and sleeplessness.

47
Q

Mechanisms of muscle disorder development

A

external forces on passive tissues (stretch in eccentric contractions = (L-T relationship) compounds total force, sarcomeric strain. Generally recovery is quick, except in elderly.

48
Q

Nerve function review

A

Sends signals throughout the body. Central and peripheral; Commands and feedback.

49
Q

Neural entrapment

A

Nerve is trapped between two tissues, could be muscles, bones, ligaments and other tendons. Leads to impaired blood flow and oxygenation, mechanical blocking of depolarization.

50
Q

Double Crush syndrome

A

One entrapment raises likelihood of another axonal flow disruption.

51
Q

Digital Neuritis

A

Nerve inflammation and swelling due to direct contact/direct pressure. Generally in the thumb. While contact neuritis involves the palm of the hand.

52
Q

Financial burden MSD

A

total in Canada = 25.6 billion (7.5 direct, 18.1 indirect); 19.9-30.8 billion range.

53
Q

Fincancial burden UE

A

average claim in US = 21, 500 direct, compensible = 563 million (1993)

54
Q

Mechanisms of nerve disorder development

A

compression to inflammation (also increases compression) to fibrin deposits to fibrous tissue causing axonal degeneration. Vibration exposure accelerates the process (HAVS hand arm vibration syndrome). Direct pressure (external) also accelerates.

55
Q

Roles of Vasculature

A

Provides material to cells for normal function, especially oxygen. Also removes waste products.

56
Q

Ischemia

A

Decrease in blood supply to a body part caused by vessel constriction/obstruction- No/diminished oxygen.

57
Q

Examples of vascular disorders

A

HAVS, Raynauds syndrome, White fingers, hypothenar hammer syndrome

58
Q

Precipitating factors for vascular disorders

A

Vibration, cold, direct pressure, smoking and diabetes.

59
Q

Definition of Bursa

A

A sack or sack like body cavity. Usually contains fluid. Usually around joints. Its primary role is to reduce friction and distribute forces.

60
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of the Bursa

61
Q

Causes of Bursitis

A

Friction, trauma, inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis) and bacterial infections.

62
Q

Bursitis locations in the UE

A

Shoulder (subacromial), and elbow.

63
Q

Role of bone

A

form, factories and function (attachment sites)

64
Q

Role of cartilage (articular)

A

cushioning (force distribution), support, shock absorption and joint conformity/congruency.

65
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint inflammation. Associated symptoms include pain, swelling, stiffness, osteoarthritis.

66
Q

Rheumatoid

A

generalized inflammation. For example, gout.

67
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Cartilage degeneration

68
Q

Fractures

A

usually traumatic. The exception is stress fractures.

69
Q

Causes of bone/cartilage disorders

A

trauma, repetitive joint motion (cumulative), systemic diseases and ideopathic.

70
Q

Epidemiology definition

A

Branch of medicine that studies epidemic diseases.

71
Q

Relevance to MSDs (in and out of work)

A

MSDs are reaching “epidemic” proportions. its getting worse because of older population, increased reporting and increased awareness.

72
Q

Incidence is

A

Frequency of development of a new “case” of an illness in a certain time period. Usually 1 year “new cases.”

73
Q

Prevalence is

A

current total number of people suffering from an illness in a given time period. Usually 1 year.

74
Q

Manipulation

A

control of an exposure level (or duration)

75
Q

Randomization

A

use of chance to assign exposures

76
Q

Experimental

A

Also, closely related to “interventional” type studies. high control over exposure and participants.

77
Q

Quasi-experimental

A

manipulate study factors (i.e. exposures), but not participants. non- random population.

78
Q

Observational

A

examining exposure patterns and outcomes. cross sectional. retrospective. drawing inferences about disease etiology.

79
Q

Factors related to epidemiological study quality

A

temporality, temporal contiguity, covariance, congruity-(dose-response relationship), plausibility

Kin 428 (2 decks)

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