Kin1: Exam 1 Flashcards
Moving my arms forward and backwards (in front and behind me) will create linear movement along which anatomical plane?
Sagittal
Squatting to the ground from the anatomical position creates which knee joint movement?
Flexion
When the soles of the feet face each other, this creates _________ of the ankle.
Inversion
In which part of the body does lateral flexion occur?
Axial skeleton
What movement takes place when the radius crosses over the ulna, turning the palm down?
Pronation
At what area of the body does opposition occur?
Thumb
Which term refers to the ankle movement that brings the foot off gas pedal?
Dorsiflexion
A structure close to the back of the body than the front could be described as:
Posterior
A hinge joint allows which movements?
flexion and extension
Which type of joint is capable of movement in every plane?
Ball-and-socket
Which of the following is the ability for soft tissue to lengthen without being damaged or injured?
Stretch
What property is described as the capacity to be altered and retain that new configuration?
Plasticity
What property is described as the capacity to recoil or rebound to an original length or shape after being stretched?
Elasticity
What property is described as the ability to be pulled in two different directions without damage?
Tensile Strength
Which of the following is an example of loose connective tissue?
Adipose
Which of the following is a form of connective tissue?
Osseous
Which of the following type of connective tissue is built primarily to bear your weight?
Cartilage
Which of the following tissue is best designed for compression?
Cartilage
Your ears are made of what type of cartilage?
Elastic
What type of fascia is each muscle fiber wrapped in?
Endomysium
What plane divides the body into front and back portions?
Coronal
Which of the following movements occur on the sagittal axis?
Lateral flexion
How many degrees is considered normal range of motion of the glenohumeral joint during flexion?
100
How many degrees in considered normal range of motion of the glenohumeral joint during lateral rotation?
50
A suture is what classification of joint?
Fibrous
What is known as a synovial-fluid-filled membrane that reduces friction between bone and other connective tissue?
Bursa
What is the type of movement that a person can actively produce at an articulation
Physiological
What type of injury occurs when a client falls and tears an ankle ligament?
Sprain
Prolonged inactivity in a joint can result in which of the following?
Hypomobility
Kicking a soccer ball is an example of what type of kinetic chain?
Open
What type of muscle are blood vessels?
Smooth
What part of the bone does a tendon attach to?
Periosteum
What type of fascial sheath wraps around an entire muscle belly?
Epimysium
What molecule limits a sarcomere’s movement?
Titin
What property of muscle allows it to return to its original length after being stretched?
Elasticity
What type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle is elongating?
Eccentric
What type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle is shortening?
Concentric
What type of muscle contraction involves no joint movement?
Isometric
What is the term for a muscle that assists the agonist in producing the main action?
Synergist
What functional group of muscle performs quick and strong movements?
Phasic
The brain and spinal cord comprise which nervous system?
Central
“Rest and digest” is another term for what nervous system?
Parasympathetic
“Fight or flight” is another term for what branch of the nervous system?
Sympathetic
Sensory impulses to your brain are transmitted by what type of neuron?
Afferent
Motor impulses sent from your brain to your muscles are transmitted by what type of neurons?
Efferent
The junction between a neuron and a gland is known as a
Axon
What is the total number spinal nerves pairs?
31
What reflex is occurring when you instantly remove your hand from a prickly bush?
Flexor Withdrawal
The state of a client’s muscle contraction while lying on massage table is known as
Resting Tone
The “contrat-relax-antagonist-contract” technique is a combination of what two methods in the following order?
Post-isometric relaxation, then reciprocal inhibition
Describe the five common roles of muscles:
Agonist
Synergist
Antagonist
Neutralizer/ Fixator
Supporter
- Primer mover, produces the main action
- Assists the agonist in producing main action
- Performs the action opposite that of the agonist when it shortens
- Fixating for that prevent undesirable action
- Supports another part of the body in position
Name and describe the four proprioceptors
(Golgi tendon organ, Muscle Spindles, Ruffini’s end organs - detect also changes in the position of a joint, Pacinian Corpuscles)
Muscle Spindles - Monitors stretch of muscle & rate of change in length
Golgi Tendon Organ - detect and help the body respond to changes in the muscles tension
Ruffini’s End Organ - Detect also changes in the position on a joint
Pacinian Corpuscles - note quick changes in pressure around the joint capsule
Describe…
Active ROM, Passive ROM, and Resisted ROM
AROM - degree of movement that the client can produce using his or her own strength and volition
PROM - The distance the practitioner can passively mobilize the client’s joints
RROM - Client attempting to perform an action against your resistance
What are the two types of muscle contraction?
Isotonic and Isometric
