Kin 409 Final exam

Question 1

5 big trend in youth sports

Answer 1

Privatization
Evaluation by Progress
Elite Specialization Programs
Increased Adult Involvement
Alternative Sports

Question 2

year of ADA

Answer 2

1990

Question 3

Why athletes use religion in sport

Answer 3

• Justify commitment to high performance.
• Reduce pressure and uncertainty.
• Enhance bonds between teammates.
• Guide moral decision making.

Question 4

who is more aggressive between males and females

Answer 4

males

Question 5

Socialist society:

Answer 5

Teamwork, Fitness, Friendship

Question 6

Capitalist

Answer 6

Completion, hard work, winning

Question 7

Aggression

Answer 7

Any form of behavior directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment

Question 8

 Hostile or reactive aggression

Answer 8

The primary goal is to inflict injury or psychological harm on another.

Question 9

 Instrumental aggression

Answer 9

Occurring in the quest of some nonaggressive goal.

Question 10

Spectator aggression is associated with

Answer 10

 small-scale, on-the-field aggressive acts;
 aroused conditions;
 alcohol use;
 younger, disadvantaged male spectators; and
 (in some cases) fan enjoyment

Question 11

 Instinct theory

Answer 11

 People have an instinct to be aggressive, which builds up until it must be expressed (directly or via catharsis).

Question 12

 Frustration–aggression hypothesis

Answer 12

 Aggression is the direct result of a frustration that occurs because of goal blockage or failure.

Question 13

Social Learning Theory

Answer 13

Aggression is learned through observing others (modeling) and then having similar behavior reinforced

Question 14

 Revised frustration–aggression theory

Answer 14

 Combines elements of frustration–aggression theory with social learning theory.

Question 15

 General aggression model

Answer 15

 Aggression occurs as a result of a complex process mediated by one’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions and resulting from the interaction of numerous personal and situational factors.

Question 16

 Game reasoning and aggression

Answer 16

Many athletes view aggression as inappropriate in general but appropriate in the sport environment. This is called bracketed morality.

Question 17

why athletes feel they need to be aggressive

Answer 17

 someone has committed aggression against them,
 they are highly ego-oriented and have a low level of moral development,
 they want to show how tough they are,
 they see it as part of their role, and
 they feel group pressures to be aggressive.

Question 18

Main Roles of government in sport

Answer 18

 Governments tap into the popularity of sports

 Governments possess and control resources that few individuals possess

 Government takes a socio-cultural responsibility for activities outside the private sector