KIN 401 Test 2

Question 1

Difference between acclimation and acclimatization?

Answer 1

Acclimatization: adaptations that
occur due to changes in the
natural environment

Acclimation: adaptations that
occur due to laboratory or
simulated environments

Question 2

Relationship between altitude and barometric pressure?

Answer 2

Inverse relationship

Question 3

How does partial pressure of oxygen change with altitude?

Answer 3

It decreases

Question 4

How does the partial pressure of oxygen at altitude affect oxygen loading at rest?
(including the role of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve)

Answer 4

As pO2 decreases, oxygen loading also decreases

Question 5

What are the acute physiological adjustments to altitude? (including how and why they
happen)

Question 6

What are the adaptations to prolonged altitude exposure? (including how and why they
happen?)

Question 7

Know the bicarbonate reaction and be able to explain the acute and chronic adjustments
that happen at altitude.

Question 8

What is responsible for the decrease in V̇O2max at altitude?

Question 9

What is the relationship between exercise duration and performance at altitude? Are races under 2 min affected?

Question 10

What is the “live high, train low” concept for maximizing exercise performance?

Question 11

What are the 3 measurements of true core body temperature?

Question 12

What is the human heat balance equation (simple version)?

Question 13

What changes core body temperature (normal fluctuations and in the context of the heat
balance equation)?

Question 14

How does the hypothalamus maintain body temperature?

Question 15

What physiological responses occur at the skin to help us maintain body temperature? Do
they affect heat production, heat loss, or both?

Question 16

What are the two gradients at the skin that determine the rate of heat loss?

Question 17

What is the cardiovascular challenge of exercising in the heat (think blood flow
demand)?

Question 18

What are the circulatory adjustments made to maximize heat loss during exercise?

Question 19

What is cardiovascular drift?

Question 20

How does cardiovascular drift affect V̇O2max?

Question 21

How does dehydration affect physiological strain (sweat rate, skin blood flow, core body
temperature) when exercising in the heat?

Question 22

What are the physiological adaptations that occur during a 2-week heat acclimation?

Question 23

What are the 4 factors that impact heat tolerance that we discussed in class?

Question 24

What are the physiological responses (vascular adjustments, muscle activity, hormonal
responses) to cold stress?

Question 25

What are the 3 factors that impact cold tolerance?

Question 26

What are the physiological adaptations that occur during cold acclimation?

Question 27

What is Boyle’s law and how does it create a physiological challenge when diving?

Question 28

How does arterial gas content limit performance while free diving?

Question 29

What is the limiting factor of snorkeling?

Question 30

What is the mammalian diving reflex and how might it be beneficial for survival?

Question 31

What is Henry’s law and how does it create a physiological challenge when scuba
diving?

Question 32

What are the two main physiological challenges of microgravity?

Question 33

What are the physiological responses to short (1-14 days) spaceflight?

Question 34

What are the physiological responses to long (>2 weeks) spaceflight?

Question 35

How does exercise performance respond to microgravity (with and without adequate
exercise stimulus during flight)?