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KIN 100 > KIN 100 Lab 2 Exam > Flashcards

KIN 100 Lab 2 Exam Flashcards

Muscles/Nerves/Arteries/Veins of Pelvic girdle and lower extremities

1
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the Os Coxae (hip bone)?

A

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

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2
Q

What is the site where these bones fuse together?

A

Acetabulum (hip socket)

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of male pelvis’?

A

Outlet is more heart shaped, pubic angle is an inverted V (smaller angle)

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4
Q

What are some characteristics of female pelvis’?

A

Ilia flair out (makes pelvis wider at top), outlet is more oval shaped, pubic angle is an inverted “U” (angle is greater than 100 degrees)

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5
Q

What does head of femur articulate w/?

A

Acetabulum of hip

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6
Q

What is the fovea capitis?

A

Site of attachment for ligamentum teres

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7
Q

What does the distal end of the Femur articulate with?

A

Head of Tibia and patella

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8
Q

Where is the intertrochanteric crest?

A

posterior side of femur, swoops b/t trochanters

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9
Q

Where is the intertrochanteric line?

A

anterior side of femur, line b/t trochanters

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10
Q

What is the orientation of the patella?

A

apex = bottom/inferior, pointed; base = top/superior, flat

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11
Q

How do you orientate the apex?

A

Apex away from you, posterior side (tented) down towards the table, whichever side it falls to = the knee it is from

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12
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball and socket

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13
Q

What tissue is the acetabular labrum composed of?

A

fibrous cartilage

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14
Q

What covers the center of the acetabulum?

A

A fat pad encased in synovial membrane

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15
Q

What does the Iliofemoral ligament connect?

A

Anterior inferior Iliac spine to intertrochanteric crest (thickening of the capsule)

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16
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament connect?

A

Superior pubic ramus to anterior surface of femur (thickening of capsule)

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17
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament connect?

A

Posterior portion of acetabular rim (Ischium) to anterior surface of femur (thickening of capsule)

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18
Q

What 2 joints are within the knee?

A

Tibiofemoral joint (b/t tibia and femur) and patellofemoral joint (b/t patella and patellar surface of femur

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19
Q

What type of joint is the patellofemoral joint?

A

gliding joint (diarthrotic/free moving)

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20
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?

A

hinge joint (synovial)

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21
Q

What tissue are the menisci made of?

A

fibrous cartilage pads

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22
Q

Where are the menisci located?

A

b/t tibia and femur, lateral and medial sides

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23
Q

What are the 4 roles of the menisci?

A
  • cushion
  • conform to shape of articulating surfaces depending on movement of femur
  • increase surface area of tibiofemoral joint
  • provide lateral support
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24
Q

Where does the anterior curciate ligament (ACL) originate and insert? What does it prevent?

A

origin: anterior surface of tibia
insertion: lateral condyle of the femur
prevents the tibia from going forward

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25
Q

Where does the posterior curciate ligament (PCL) originate and insert? What does it prevent?

A

origin: anterior surface of medial condyle of femur
insertion: posterior side of tibia
prevents the tibia from going backwards

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26
Q

How many attachment sites does the PCL have?

A

2 on the posterior sites

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27
Q

What does the medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL) connect?

A

Attaches from medial epicondyle of femur and medial proximal metaphysis of tibia

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28
Q

What does the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL) connect?

A

Attaches to epicondyle of femur and the fibula

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29
Q

What does valgus mean?

A

knocked-kneed

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30
Q

What does varus mean?

A

bow-legged

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31
Q

Where is the transverse ligament located?

A

b/t the menisci

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32
Q

Which tendon is above the patella?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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33
Q

What does the quadricep tendon become after being interrupted by the patella?

A

Patellar/patella ligament

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34
Q

What do the quadricep tendon and patella ligament support?

A

anterior surface of knee joint

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35
Q

What 2 muscles make up the iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major, iliacus

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36
Q

Psoas major

A

origin: thoracic/lumbar spine
insertion: lesser trochanter
action: hip flexion
**sciatic nerve runs through/by

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37
Q

Iliacus

A

origin: iliac fossa
insertion: lesser trochanter
action: hip flexion

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38
Q

rectus femoris

A

origin: AIIS, superior acetabular rim of ilium
insertion: tibial tuberosity (via quadriceps tendon patella/patellar ligament)
action: knee extension/hip flexion
**only part of quad that does hip flexion

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39
Q

sartorius

A

origin: ASIS
insertion: pes anserine
action: knee flexion,/hip abduction, flexion, lateral rotation
**longest muscle in the body

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40
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

origin: iliac crest/lateral surface of ASIS
insertion: anterior lateral surface of tibia (via iliotibial tract- IT Band)
action: knee extension/hip abduction, medial rotation of thigh/@ hip
**indirectly support the knee

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41
Q

gluteus maximus

A

origin: Iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, lateral surface of ilium
insertion: Iliotibial tract (IT Band), gluteal tuberosity of femur
action: extension/lateral rotation at hip/abduction at hip
**indirectly supports knee

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42
Q

Biceps femoris long head

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: head of fibula/lateral condyle of tibia
action: knee flexion/hip extension/ lateral rotation at hip

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43
Q

biceps femoris short head

A

origin: linea aspera of femur
insertion: head of fibula/lateral condyle of tibia
action: knee flexion

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44
Q

semimembranosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posterior surface medial condyle of tibia
action: knee flexion/hip extension/medial rotation at hip

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45
Q

semitendonosus

A

origin: Ischial tuberosity
insertion: pes anserine
action: knee flexion/hip flexion/hip abduction/lateral rotation at hip

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46
Q

gluteus medius

A

origin: anterior iliac crest/lateral surface of ilium
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: abduction/medial rotation of hip

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47
Q

piriformis

A

origin: anterolateral surface of sacrum
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: lateral rotation @ hip

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48
Q

superior gemellus

A

origin: ischial spine
insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon
action: lateral rotation at hip

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49
Q

inferior gemellus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon
action: lateral rotation at hip

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50
Q

obturator internus

A

origin: lateral/medial margins of obturator foramen
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: lateral rotation of hip

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51
Q

quadratus femoris

A

origin: lateral border ischial tuberosity
insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
action: lateral rotation at hip

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52
Q

adductor longus

A

origin: inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: linea aspera of femur
action: hip adduction/hip flexion

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53
Q

adductor brevis

A

origin: inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: linea aspera of femur
action: hip adduction/hip flexion

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54
Q

pectinius

A

origin: superior ramus of pubis
insertion: pectineal line
action: hip adduction/hip flexion

55
Q

adductor magnus

A

origin: inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: linea aspera of femur
action: hip adduction (whole muscle)/ hip flexion (anterior)/ hip extension (posterior)

56
Q

gracilis

A

origin: inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: pes anserine
action: knee flexion/hip adduction

57
Q

What 4 muscles/ligaments make up the borders/floor of the femoral triangle?

A

lateral border: sartorius
medial border: adductor longus
superior border: inguinal ligament
floor: pectinius

58
Q

What 4 muscles make up quadriceps femoris?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

59
Q

rectus femoris

A

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine/ superior acetabular rim of ilium
insertion: tibial tuberosity (via quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar ligament)
action: knee extension/hip flexion

60
Q

vastus lateralis

A

origin: posterior surface of femur (from greater trochanter & along proximal lateral lip of linea aspera)
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar ligament
action: knee extension

61
Q

vastus intermedius

A

origin: anertolateral surface of femur/linea aspera (distal half)
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar ligament
action: knee extension
**deep

62
Q

vastus medialis

A

origin: linea aspera of femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar ligament
action: knee extension

63
Q

popliteus

A

origin: lateral condyle of femur
insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft
action: knee flexion

64
Q

What kind of joint is the tibia and fibula?

A

syndemosis (connective tissue b/t bones)

65
Q

What creates the lateral malleolus on ankle?

A

fibula

66
Q

What creates the medial malleolus of ankle?

A

tibia

67
Q

Which tarsal bone articulates with distal end of tibia?

A

Talus

68
Q

Which tarsal bones create arch shape of foot?

A

Navicular, calcaneus, talus, medial cuneiform

69
Q

What are the 3 arches of the foot?

A

transverse, medial longitudinal arch (more pronounced), lateral longitudinal arch

70
Q

What does the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) connect?

A

talus to fibula

71
Q

What does the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) connect?

A

talus to fibula

72
Q

What does the calcaneofibular ligament connect?

A

Calcaneous to fibula

73
Q

What do the deltoid ligaments connect?

A

Tibia to tarsals

74
Q

Which bones make up the transverse arch?

A

Metatarsals

75
Q

fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

origin: head/proximal shaft of fibula
insertion: base of 1st metatarsal bone/medial cuneiform
action: eversion of foot/plantar flexion @ ankle

76
Q

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

origin: lateral surface of fibula
insertion: base of 5th metatarsal bone
action: eversion of foot/plantar flexion @ ankle

77
Q

Gastrocnemius medial/lateral head

A

origin: femoral condyles
insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
action: plantar flexion @ ankle/knee flexion

78
Q

soleus

A

origin: head/proximal shaft of fibula/posteromedial shaft of tibia
insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
action: planter flexion @ ankle/ inversion of foot

79
Q

plantaris

A

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge (distal posterior shaft of femur)
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneul tendon
action: plantar flexion @ ankle/knee flexion

80
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

origin: posterior surface of fibula
insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanx of big toe
action: flexion at joints of big toe/plantar flexion @ ankle

81
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

origin: posteromedial surface of tibia
insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanges toes 2-5
action: flexion at joints 2-5/plantar flexion @ ankle

82
Q

tibialis posterior

A

origin: interosseous membrane/shaft of tibia/fibula
insertion: navicular, all cuneiforms, cuboid, 2/3/4 metatarsals
action: inversion of foot/plantar flexion @ ankle

83
Q

tibialis anterior

A

origin: lateral condyle/proximal shaft of tibia
insertion: base of 1st metatarsal/medial cuneiform
action: dorsiflexion @ ankle/inversion of foot

84
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

origin: anterior surface of fibula
insertion: superior surface of big toe distal phalanx
action: extension at big toe joints/ dorsiflexion @ ankle

85
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

origin: lateral condyle of tibia/anterior surface of fibula
insertion: superior surfaces 2-5 phalanges
action: extension toes 2-5/ dorsiflexion @ ankle

86
Q

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

origin: medial fibular shaft
insertion: dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal base
action: dorsiflexion @ ankle/ eversion of foot

87
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

action: extension @ metatarsophalangeal joints of 1-4

88
Q

abductor hallucis

A

action: abduction @ metatarsophalangeal joints of big toe

89
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

action: abduction/flexion @ 5th metatarsophalangeal

90
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

action: flexion @ big toe metatarsophalangeal joint

91
Q

What are the plexuses that innervate the lower body?

A

Lumbar, sacral

92
Q

What are the 2 main nerves that come from the lumbar plexus?

A

femoral N, obturator N

93
Q

What main nerve comes from the sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic N

94
Q

What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

A

tibial N, common fibular N

95
Q

What are the 7 nerves needed to know?

A

sciatic N, tibial N, common fibular nerve, deep fibular N, superficial N, femoral N, obturator N

96
Q

What is the very artery called before branching?

A

Common iliac a.

97
Q

What does the common iliac a. become after branching?

A

internal iliac a.

98
Q

What is the artery called once outside inguinal ligament?

A

external iliac a.

99
Q

What is the artery called below the inguinal ligament/inside femoral triangle?

A

femoral a.

100
Q

What does the femoral artery become once behind the knee?

A

Popliteal a.

101
Q

What does the popliteal a. split into?

A

posterior/anterior tibial a.

102
Q

Which vein is inside the femoral triangle?

A

femoral vein

103
Q

What are the 7 general structures of vertebrae?

A
  • body
  • spinous process
  • transverse process
  • articular process
  • vertebral foramen
  • vertebral arch
  • intervertebral foramen
104
Q

How many transverse processes per vertebrae?

A

2

105
Q

How many articular processes per vertebrae?

A

4; 2 superior, 2 inferior

106
Q

What structures make up the vertebral arch?

A
  1. pedicle- body to transverse process, thicker
  2. lamina- transverse process to spinous process, thinner
107
Q

What passes through intervertebral foramen?

A

nerves

108
Q

What passes through the vertebral foramen?

A

spinal cord

109
Q

What are the 3 special characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

A
  1. long, bifid spinous process
  2. small, oval body
  3. has transverse foramina
    **looks like sid the sloth
110
Q

What are the 3 special characteristics of C1/atlas vertebra?

A
  1. holds up skull, articulates w/ occipital condyles @ base of skull
  2. no body
  3. large articulating facets
    **allows yes motion of head
111
Q

What are the 2 special characteristics of C2/axis vertebra?

A
  1. pivot (synovial) joint
  2. process on posterior side (dens)
    ** allows for no movement of head
112
Q

What are the 4 special characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?

A
  1. heart shaped body
  2. long, slender spinous process
  3. demifacets- where ribs articulate, 2/side
  4. articular surface on anterior side of transverse process
    **looks like a giraffe
113
Q

What are the 3 special characteristics of lumbar vertebrae?

A
  1. large oval body
  2. short blunt spinous process
  3. large blunt transverse process
  4. no articular facets or transverse foramen
    **side profile looks like a moose
114
Q

What are the 3 structures of the sacrum?

A
  1. sacral foramina- holes straight through bone (posterior to anterior)
  2. sacral canal- continuation of vertebral foramen
  3. Auricular surface- articulates w/ ilium
115
Q

Where do the ribs insert/originate?

A

origin: thoracic spine
insertion: sternum

116
Q

How many pairs of ribs? True? False?

A

12 pairs, 7 true pairs, 5 false pairs; 2 floating pairs

117
Q

What 2 structures are on the head of rib?

A

Articular surfaces and tubercle

118
Q

What is the angle of ribs?

A

Anterior and inferior to head of rib

119
Q

What do the articular surfaces on head of ribs and the tubercle articulate w/?

A

articular surfaces articulate w/ body of thoracic vertebra
tubercle articulates w/ transverse process of vertebra

120
Q

What are three parts of the sternum?

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body
  3. xiphoid process
121
Q

What is the clavicular notch?

A

Where the clavicles articulate w/ manubrium

122
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

where the manubrium and body connect

123
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

origin: sternal end of clavicle/ manubrium
insertion: mastoid process/lateral portion of superior nuchal line
action: turns head to opposite side and flexes head down

124
Q

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

A

origin: spinous processes/ligaments of cervical and thoracic spine
insertion: mastoid process/superior nuchal line
action: extends neck (together)/rotates and flexes neck laterally to that side (alone)

125
Q

scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)

A

origin: transverse and costal processes of cervical spine
insertion: superior surface of ribs
action: elevate ribs/flex neck
anterior- bends neck to same side and rotates head to opposite side
middle/posterior- bends neck and rotates head to same side

126
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

origin: iliac crest
insertion: rib/lumbrical transverse processes
action: depress ribs (together)/lateral flexion of vertebral column (alone)

127
Q

rectus abdominus

A

origin: superior surface of pubis
insertion: inferior surfaces of costal cartilages (ribs)/xiphoid process of sternum
action: depress ribs/flex vertebral column/compress abdomen
**each muscle seperated by tendinous inscription, split in half down midline by linea alba

128
Q

external oblique

A

origin: external/inferior borders of ribs
insertion: linea alba/iliac crest via external oblique aponeuroses
action: compress abdomen/depress ribs/laterally flexes or rotates vertebral column to opposite side

129
Q

internal oblique

A

origin: inguinal ligament/iliac crest/thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: inferior surfaces of ribs/costal cartilages/linea alba/pubis
action: compress abdomen/depress ribs/laterally flexes or rotates vertebral column to same side

130
Q

transverse abdominus

A

origin: costal cartilages/iliac crest/thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: linea alba/pubis
action: compress abdomen

131
Q

what happens if internal/external obliques contract together?

A

cause lateral flexion on side that is contracting

132
Q

diaphragm

A

origin: xiphoid process of sternum/ribs and costal cartilages/anterior surfaces of lumbar vertebrae
insertion: central tendon sheet
action: contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity

133
Q

external intercostals

A

origin: inferior border of each rib
insertion: superior border of more inferior rib
action: elevates ribs

134
Q

internal intercostals

A

origin: superior border of each rib
insertion: inferior border of more superior rib
action: depress ribs

KIN 100 (2 decks)

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