Kilning

Question 1

What are the 4 purposes of kilning

Answer 1

End germination
Bring moisture to 4%
Preserve enzymes
Create color, flavor, aroma

Question 2

At what moisture point is the withering phase considered complete?

Answer 2

12%

Question 3

When does the withering phase start?

Answer 3

Right after germination

Question 4

When does the curing phase start?

Answer 4

Right after withering

Question 5

What are the starting and ending moisture points for the curing phase?

Answer 5

12% to 4%

Question 6

What is the breakthrough/breakpoint?

Answer 6

When the air is no longer at max saturation point

Question 7

Name at least 4 kiln equipment requirements

Answer 7

Perforated floor
Adjustable speed fans
Heat exchanger
Green malt in transfer
Malt out transfer
Indirect kiln heater
Unloading machines
Cold air inlets

Question 8

Why is level grain important?

Answer 8

So the air flows through the entire bed consistently

Question 9

What happens if combustion gases come into contact with malt?

Answer 9

They form nitrosamines which are considered a carcinogen

Question 10

True/False: wither with low heat, high air flow

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What air flow speed should be used during the cool down phase?

Answer 11

Maximum ambient air flow

Question 12

True/False: grain must be cleaned after kilning

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the definition of a base malt?

Answer 13

Contains the necessary diastatic power to carry the mash as a single malt in the recipe

Question 14

What is the definition of a specialty malt?

Answer 14

Does NOT contain the necessary diastatic power to carry the mash as a single malt in the recipe

Question 15

At what temperature and kilning phase does the Maillard reaction begin?

Answer 15

50c (122f) - withering phase

Question 16

At what temperature and kiln phase does melanoidin formation being?

Answer 16

91c (196f) - curing phase

Question 17

At what temperature is grassy/green/raw grain taste eliminated?

Answer 17

80-85c (176-185f)

Question 18

Name 2 steps in suppressing Maillard reaction

Answer 18

Wither low heat, high air flow, no air recycle
Keep temperature at 54c until reaching 12% moisture

Question 19

Name 2 steps for expressing Maillard reaction

Answer 19

Apply air at 79c
Raise grain temp to 63-68c
Recycle warm air to keep moisture in

Question 20

Why is it important for the grain to reach 63-68c in the withering phase?

Answer 20

To reach enzyme activation and express the Maillard reaction

Question 21

At what temperature is melanoidin suppressed?

Answer 21

82-85c

Question 22

At what temperature is melanoidin expressed?

Answer 22

90c

Question 23

Which is more energy efficient- single deck or double deck kilning?

Answer 23

Double deck

Question 24

What is one advantage of circular kiln deck?

Answer 24

Easier grain leveling
Shallower grain bed