Kilning Flashcards
What are the 4 purposes of kilning
End germination
Bring moisture to 4%
Preserve enzymes
Create color, flavor, aroma
At what moisture point is the withering phase considered complete?
12%
When does the withering phase start?
Right after germination
When does the curing phase start?
Right after withering
What are the starting and ending moisture points for the curing phase?
12% to 4%
What is the breakthrough/breakpoint?
When the air is no longer at max saturation point
Name at least 4 kiln equipment requirements
Perforated floor
Adjustable speed fans
Heat exchanger
Green malt in transfer
Malt out transfer
Indirect kiln heater
Unloading machines
Cold air inlets
Why is level grain important?
So the air flows through the entire bed consistently
What happens if combustion gases come into contact with malt?
They form nitrosamines which are considered a carcinogen
True/False: wither with low heat, high air flow
True
What air flow speed should be used during the cool down phase?
Maximum ambient air flow
True/False: grain must be cleaned after kilning
True
What is the definition of a base malt?
Contains the necessary diastatic power to carry the mash as a single malt in the recipe
What is the definition of a specialty malt?
Does NOT contain the necessary diastatic power to carry the mash as a single malt in the recipe
At what temperature and kilning phase does the Maillard reaction begin?
50c (122f) - withering phase
At what temperature and kiln phase does melanoidin formation being?
91c (196f) - curing phase
At what temperature is grassy/green/raw grain taste eliminated?
80-85c (176-185f)
Name 2 steps in suppressing Maillard reaction
Wither low heat, high air flow, no air recycle
Keep temperature at 54c until reaching 12% moisture
Name 2 steps for expressing Maillard reaction
Apply air at 79c
Raise grain temp to 63-68c
Recycle warm air to keep moisture in
Why is it important for the grain to reach 63-68c in the withering phase?
To reach enzyme activation and express the Maillard reaction
At what temperature is melanoidin suppressed?
82-85c
At what temperature is melanoidin expressed?
90c
Which is more energy efficient- single deck or double deck kilning?
Double deck
What is one advantage of circular kiln deck?
Easier grain leveling
Shallower grain bed
