Kidneys in systemic disease

Question 1

How may diabetic patients will develop diabetic nephropathy and what is it?

Answer 1

30-40% will develop diabetic nephropathy, it is where poorly controlled diabetes causes damage to the kidneys and leads to a nephrotic syndrome, due to glycosolated products causing changes within the glomerulus, this causes hypertension and hyperfiltration and then leaking of albumin. Thickening of the GBM and deposits of extracellular matrix will cause glomerular sclerosis.
Both T1 and T2 patients are at risk of this.

Question 2

How is the risk of CVD linked to kidney disease?

Answer 2

It is related to how poor the kidney function is as well as how much protein is leaking out,

Question 3

How many SLE patients will develop Lupus nephritis?

Answer 3

This is a form of immmune mediated glomerulonephritis, 60% of SLE patients will develop it and it is the leading cause of mortality in SLE patients. This is why all SLE patients must have their renal function checked.
This is a type of cresentic glomerulonephritis (a nephritic condition)
Needs to be treated with immune suppressive drugs.

Question 4

Describe some symptoms that suggest systemic disease with renal involvement.

Answer 4

Splinter haemorrhages, Raynaud's
Uveitis
Nasal cartilage deformity, hypertensive retinopathy, 
scleroderma
vasculitic rash