Kidneys Flashcards
Renal cortex enhances before renal medulla
Corticomedullary phase
Approx 120 secs, renal parenchyma is unifromly enhanced
Nephrogram phase
3-5 mins shows contrast filling of the collecting system and ureters
Pyelogram phase
Associated with genital anomalies in females
Renal agenesis
Mc renal fusion anomaly
Horseshoe kidney
Best prognosis
Chromophobe tumors
Tumor evaluation and staging method of choice
MDVT without and with contrast
Benign mesenchymal tumor compaed of varying amounts of fat, smooth muscle and abnormal blood vessels
Angiomyolipoma
Benign tumor composed of eosinophilic cells called oncocytes
Oncocytoma
Stellate central scar
Mc renal mass
Simple renal cyst
Bosniak cat 1
Simple cysts
Bosniak 2
Benign
Thin septations no more than 1-2mm
Thin calcifications
High density cysts
Bosniak 3
Indeterminate. Benign or malignant Should be treated sugically Thick, irregular calcifications Irregular margins Thick or enhancing septa Nodularoty, thick wall and multilocular mass
Bosniak 2F
Likely benign
Thick or nodular calcification in the wall of septa
Ff-up 3,6,12 months
Focal renal mass with thick wall is the most common appearance
Renla abscess
Benign neoplasm consisting of a cluster of non communicating cysts of varying sizes separated by connective tissue septations of varying thickness
Multilocular cystic nephroma/ mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST)
Manifests clinicaly later in life
Multiple noncommunicating cysts of varying size
Cysts in the liver, pancreas and other organs
Autosomal dominant polycystic disease
Presents in the neonate and detectable in the fetus
Symmetrical cysts
Marked enlargement of the kidneys
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
Dysplastic dilatation of the collecting tubules in the pappila
Medullary sponge kidney
Diagnosed inutero or at birth
Classic multicystic dysplastic kidney appears as a mass of noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes
Kidney progressively atrophies
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Renal avms and avfs
75% acquired
Acute pyelonephritis usually result of
Ascending urinary tract infection
E coli
Destructive granulomatous process that may diffusely involve an obstructive kidney or present as a focal renal mass
An obstructing stone often staghorn calculi is present
Chronically infected with proteus mirabilis
Canthohranulomatous pyelonephritis
Most frequent site of extrapulmonary tb
Urinaru tract
Causes of medullary nephrocalcinosis
Hyperparathyroidism Medullary sponge kodney Renal tubular acidosis Milk alkali syndrome Hypervitaminosus D Hypercalcemic/hypercalciuric states
