kidneys

Question 1

what does blood enter the kidney through?

Answer 1

Renal Artery

Question 2

what does blood leave the kidney through?

Answer 2

Renal vein

Question 3

what are the two main functions of the kidneys?

Answer 3

1) osmoregulation
- regulation of water potential of blood
2) excretion
- removing nitrogenous waste (excess protein) in the form of urea from the blood

Question 4

list the structures of the mammalian kidney

Answer 4

• fibrous cortex
• cortex
• medulla
• renal pelvis
• ureter
• renal artery

Question 5

what happens during ultrafiltration?

Answer 5

• blood enters from the renal artery into smaller arterioles
• the different arteriole takes blood to the glonerulus
• high hydrostatic pressure forces out liquid + small molecules into bowmans capsule
• the efferent ateriole transports the blood away (which now only contains large proteins/blood cells)

Question 6

why is there a high pressure in the glomerlus?

Answer 6

the efferent arteriole is smaller in diameter than the afferent ateriole

Question 7

what is the glomerular filtrate?

Answer 7

the substances from the blood that enter the bowmans capsule

Question 8

which substances are not filtered out of the blood and why?

Answer 8

• blood cells
• proteins

they are too large to pass through capillary endothelium

Question 9

what cells makes up the epithelium of the bowmans capsule?

Answer 9

podocytes

Question 10

what happens during reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule?

selective reabsorption of glucose

Answer 10

1) glucose and solutes are reabsorbed into the blood by active transport
2) water moves into the blood by osmosis down the water potential gradient