kidneys Flashcards
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
To filter blood and produce urine.
How many kidneys does a typical human have?
Two.
True or False: The kidneys are involved in regulating blood pressure.
True.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys help maintain the body’s __________ balance.
fluid and electrolyte.
What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
Nephron.
What hormone do the kidneys produce that regulates red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin.
Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtering blood?
Glomerulus.
True or False: The kidneys can regenerate damaged tissue.
False.
What is the name of the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter.
What is the condition called when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the blood?
Chronic kidney disease.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Blood filtration B) Hormone production C) Digestion D) Acid-base balance
C) Digestion.
What is the name of the outer layer of the kidney?
Renal cortex.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys receive blood supply through the __________ artery.
Renal.
What is nephrolithiasis more commonly known as?
Kidney stones.
True or False: Kidneys can function with only one kidney.
True.
What is the main waste product that kidneys help to excrete?
Urea.
What is the pH range of urine?
4.5 to 8.0.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions can lead to kidney damage? A) High blood pressure B) Diabetes C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B.
What is the term for the process of urine formation in the kidneys?
Urine synthesis.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys filter approximately __________ liters of blood daily.
180.
What structure collects urine from the nephrons?
Collecting duct.
True or False: The kidneys play a role in vitamin D metabolism.
True.
What is the primary electrolyte that the kidneys help to regulate?
Sodium.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of kidney disease? A) Fatigue B) Increased thirst C) Swelling D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the average weight of a human kidney?
About 150 grams.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys are located in the __________ cavity.
abdominal.
What is the name of the filtration barrier in the glomerulus?
Glomerular filtration membrane.
True or False: Kidney function can be assessed using a blood test to measure creatinine levels.
True.
What can cause acute kidney injury?
Dehydration, medications, or infections.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following tests is used to evaluate kidney function? A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) B) Urinalysis C) Creatinine clearance D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the primary role of the renal pelvis?
To collect urine from the calyces before it enters the ureter.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys are responsible for regulating __________ levels in the blood.
blood pressure.
