Excretory System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
To remove waste products from the body and regulate water and electrolyte balance.
True or False: The kidneys are the main organs of the excretory system.
True
Fill in the blank: The basic functional unit of the kidney is called a _____ .
nephron
What substance is primarily filtered out of the blood by the kidneys?
Urea
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the excretory system? A) Kidneys B) Bladder C) Liver D) Ureters
C) Liver
What are the two main types of waste products excreted by the body?
Metabolic waste and excess substances.
True or False: The urethra is responsible for transporting urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
True
What hormone regulates water balance in the body?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Fill in the blank: The process of urine formation includes filtration, reabsorption, and _____ .
secretion
Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtering blood? A) Glomerulus B) Loop of Henle C) Collecting duct D) Proximal tubule
A) Glomerulus
What is the role of the bladder in the excretory system?
To store urine until it is excreted from the body.
True or False: The excretory system helps to maintain acid-base balance in the body.
True
What is the function of the ureters?
To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Fill in the blank: The process by which waste is eliminated from the body is called _____ .
excretion
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a waste product of protein metabolism? A) Glucose B) Urea C) Insulin D) Glycogen
B) Urea
What is the main role of the renal pelvis?
To collect urine from the kidneys before it moves to the ureters.
True or False: The skin is part of the excretory system.
True
What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?
To concentrate urine and conserve water.
Fill in the blank: The excretion of urine is controlled by the _____ sphincter.
external urethral
Multiple Choice: Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder? A) Urethra B) Ureter C) Nephron D) Glomerulus
B) Ureter
What role does aldosterone play in the excretory system?
It regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body.
True or False: Urine is typically sterile when it is produced.
True
What is the pH range of normal urine?
4.6 to 8.0
Fill in the blank: The kidneys help to regulate _____ levels in the blood.
blood pressure
Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing water and solutes? A) Glomerulus B) Proximal tubule C) Distal tubule D) Collecting duct
B) Proximal tubule
What is the process by which substances are added to the urine from the blood called?
Secretion
True or False: The kidneys can regenerate damaged tissue.
False
Fill in the blank: The primary waste product of cellular respiration is _____ .
carbon dioxide
What is the main cause of kidney stones?
Concentration of certain minerals and salts in the urine.
Multiple Choice: Which part of the kidney contains the nephrons? A) Renal cortex B) Renal medulla C) Renal pelvis D) Both A and B
D) Both A and B
What is the effect of dehydration on urine concentration?
Urine becomes more concentrated.
True or False: The excretory system has no role in regulating blood pH.
False
What are the four main organs of excretion?
- Kidneys
- Lungs
- Skin
- Gut/Colon
What do the kidneys excrete?
Nitrogenous waste, primarily urea, non-nitrogenous waste such as carbon dioxide, excess water, ions, hormones, poisons, and drugs.
How is carbon dioxide excreted from the body?
It is carried to the lungs in the blood and exhaled when we breathe out.
What substances are released from the skin during sweating?
Water, salts, and a small amount of urea.
What is the function of sweat in the body?
It acts as excretion to remove waste and as secretion to help maintain body temperature.
Define secretion.
The release of useful substances, such as hormones, from specialised cells in the body.
What substances pass into the small intestine from the liver?
Bile pigments and cholesterol.
What is the process of removing undigested and unabsorbed food material from the gut called?
Defaecation or egestion.
What additional materials are excreted in the faeces?
A little mucus and bacteria.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys excrete all of the _______ waste formed in the liver.
nitrogenous
True or False: The skin is only involved in excretion.
False
