Kidneys

Question 1

What are the parts of a kidney

Answer 1

Cortex - outermost region
medulla - inner section of kidney
renal pelvis - the tube linking the kidney to the ureter

Question 2

State the parts of a nephron

Answer 2

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henlé
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct

Question 3

Describe the process of ultrafiltration

Answer 3

Arterioles branch off the renal artery and lead to each nephron, where they form a knot of capillaries (the glomerulus) sitting inside the cup-shaped Bowman’s capsule
The capillaries get narrower as they get further into the glomerulus which increases the pressure on the blood moving through them (which is already at high pressure because it is coming directly from the renal artery which is connected to the aorta)
This eventually causes the smaller molecules being carried in the blood to be forced out of the capillaries and into the Bowman’s capsule, where they form what is known as the filtrate

Question 4

What are the substances forced out of the capillaries

Answer 4

glucose water urea salts

Question 5

Where does water get reabsorbed

Answer 5

Loop of henle and collecting duct

Question 6

Where do salts get reabsorbed

Answer 6

Loop of henle

Question 7

Where does glucose get reabsorbed

Answer 7

Proximal(first) convoluted

Question 8

Does urea get reabsorbed

Answer 8

No

Question 9

How does reabsorption of water and salts happen

Answer 9

As the filtrate drips through the Loop of Henle necessary salts are reabsorbed back into the blood by diffusion and active transport
As salts are reabsorbed back into the blood, water follows by osmosis
Water is also reabsorbed from the collecting duct in different amounts depending on how much water the body needs at that time