Kidney Stones -Kaplan

Question 1

What are the most common types of stones?

Answer 1

calcium stones (calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate)

phosphate are common in alkaline urine

*envelope shaped crystals

Question 2

What do uric acid stones look like? When do these normally occur?

Answer 2

rhomboid shaped crystals

50% in gout pts

Question 3

What type of stones are common in chronic bladder catheterization or from a UTI with urease-producing bacteria?

Answer 3

struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate)

proteus=urease producing

alkaline urine

Question 4

When is a 24 hour urine collection indicated in pts with kidney stones? What is evaluated?

Answer 4

For patients with recurrent stones

 Two 24 hour urine collections while the patient maintains their usual diet and physical activities.

 Urine volume, pH, calcium, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, sodium, and creatinine

Question 5

What is the treatment for uric acid stone?

Answer 5

alkali and allopurinol

Question 6

What do the 4 different stones look like on urine sediment?

Answer 6

Envelopeshaped–calciumoxalate

Coffinlidshaped–magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)

Hexagonal–cystine

Rhomboid–uricacid

Question 7

Where are the 3 common places that stones get lodged?

Answer 7

when the ureter leaves the renal pelvis

where the ureters cross the common iliac vessels at the pelvic brim

where the ureters enter the bladder at the trigone

Question 8

What are the 4 sections of the urethra in males?

Answer 8

preprostatic

prostatic

memranous

penile urethra

Question 9

What layer of the prostate normally gets BPH?

Answer 9

transitional zone

Question 10

What layer of the prostate normally gets carcinoma?

Answer 10

peripheral zone