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Renal/GU > Kidney Regulation > Flashcards

Kidney Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

2.4 mmEq/L

A

Serum Calcium

TIGHTLY regulated by PTH in the distal tubule

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2
Q

1200 mOsm/L

A

MAX urine Osmolarity

Maximum concentrating ability

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3
Q

Osmotic Diuretics

A

Mannitol, Urea, Glucose, Sucrose

Proximal Tubule - Inhibit 1st half Na+ transporters by saturating Tm

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4
Q

Na+ Channel Antagonists

A

Directly block ENaC channels in late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct

Amiloride, Triamterene

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5
Q

500-600 mOsm/day

A

Obligatory solute loss

Generally the quantity we consume each day. Except holy crap Americans eat 4x that amount…

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6
Q

Exercise

A

Hyperkalemia

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7
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Proximal Tubule - inhibits reabsorption of HCO3- and H+ secretion

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8
Q

Pre-Renal Failure

A

Generally secreting LESS sodium

BUN/Cr >20
Urine Osmolarity >500
Urinary Na < 20

BUN increases in pre-renal failure because urea gets reabsorbed with the Na+ retention

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9
Q

10 mmHg

A

A good value for Peritubular capillaries

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10
Q

Cell Lysis

A

Hyperkalemia

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11
Q

Write GFR equation (2 of them)

A

GFR = Cr Clearance

GFR = Kf * Capillary Equation

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12
Q

Hypoaldosteronism

Addison’s

A

Decreased K+ Secretion

i.e. Hyperkalemia, also decreased BP

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13
Q

ADH Inhibitors

A

Alcohol, Clonidine, Haloperidol

Lose Water

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14
Q

Insulin Deficiency

A

Hyperkalemia

K+ can’t move into cells along with glucose

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15
Q

ADH Agonists

A

Morphine, Nicotine, Cyclophosphamide
Nausea, Hypoxia

Retain Water

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16
Q

Iso-Osmotic Volume Expansion

A

Drinking isotonic NaCl

Increase ECF volume, no other changes

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17
Q

200 mg/dL

A

When you begin seeing glucose in the urine

Transport max is usually higher, like 380 mg/dL

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18
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

Conn’s Syndrome

A

Increased K+ Secretion

i.e. Hypokalemia, also increased BP

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19
Q

Hyperosmotic Volume Contraction

A

Loss of ECF water volume

Sweating, Fever, Diabetes

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20
Q

Sympathetic Agonists

A

Hypokalemia

21
Q

Insulin

A

Hypokalemia

K+ moves into cells with Glucose

22
Q

180 L

A

Amount kidneys filter each day

23
Q

Hypo-Osmotic Volume Contraction

A

Adrenal Insufficiency - Decreased Aldosterone

Loss of NaCl
Kidneys excrete more NaCl than H2O
Decreased ECF volume
Increased ICF volume

Hematocrit increases because it occupies a greater % now that plasma has gone down

24
Q

Inhibitors of Na/K ATPase

A

Hyperkalemia

Digitalis - results in reduced intracellular K+ and allows it to move out of the cells

25
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

Na/Cl Cotransporter

Early Distal Tubule
Can be used to aid in the passage of kidney stones because promotes Ca2+ reabsorption and removes it from urinary tract

26
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

NKCC2 transporter

Thick Ascending Limb - inhibit reabsorption of cations
Furosemide, Bumetanide

27
Q

50 mOsm/L

A

Minimum urine Osmolarity

The most dilute your urine can get

28
Q

Alkalosis

A

HYPOkalemia
Exchange of intracellular H+ (to compensate for alkalosis) for extracellular K+

Acetazolamide - prevents alkalosis by inhibiting reabsorption of HCO3 and secretion of H+

29
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists

A

Late Distal Tubule + Cortical Collecting Duct

Spironolaction, Eplerenone
Lead to HYPERkalemia

30
Q

HYPOosmolarity

A

Hypokalemia

H2O flows into the cell and K+ follows

31
Q

B-Adrenergic ANTAGONISTS (sympathetic)

A

Hyperkalemia

32
Q

60 mmHg

A

A good marker for GFR

Above = increased GFR
Below = decreased GFR
33
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists

A

Hyperkalemia

34
Q

Acidosis

A

Hyperkalemia

- Exchange of extracellular H+ (which is high) for intracellular K+ on the basolateral membrane

35
Q

Specific Gravity

A
  1. 01 = LOW, Hydrated

1. 03 = HIGH, Dehydrated

36
Q

Hyperosmotic Volume Expansion

A

HIGH NaCl intake into ECF

Increased ECF Volume
Edema (swollen salt hands)

37
Q

Hypo-Osmotic Volume Expansion

A

SIADH

Inappropriate retention of water in ECF
ICF Volume goes up

38
Q

High Plasma Creatinine

A

Tells me there is kidney damage because Cr isn’t being cleared properly

39
Q

Hypoaldosteronism

A

Decreased K+ Secretion

i.e. hyperkalemia

40
Q

Iso-Osmotic Volume Contraction

A

Diarrhea

Decreased ECF volume, no other changes

41
Q

Hyperosmolarity

A

Hyperkalemia

H2O flows out of the cell and K+ follows

42
Q

500-600 mOsm/day

A

Obligatory solute loss

Generally the quantity we consume each day. Except holy crap Americans eat 4x that amount…

43
Q

Intrinsic Renal Failure

Acute Tubular Necrosis

A

Generally secreting MORE sodium

BUN/Cr 10-15
Urine Osmolarity < 350
Urinary Na > 40
Cells in the urine

  • These values can sometimes be seen if someone is using diuretics
44
Q

0.5 L/day

A

Minimum urine volume

If you’re not excreting 0.5 L per day, you may go into electrolyte imbalance

45
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis effect on Ca2+

A

Retention of Ca2+

46
Q

Metabolic Acidosis effect on Ca2+

A

Increased excretion of Ca2+

47
Q

Increased Plasma Phosphate on Ca2+

A

Retention of Ca2+

48
Q

Decreased Plasma Phosphate on Ca2+

A

Increased excretion of Ca2+

49
Q

Renal Tubular Osteomalacia

A

Consequence of acidosis and hypercalciuria

Increased excretion of Ca2+

Renal/GU (3 decks)

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