Kidney Physiology

Question 1

What organ(s) have all these functions:

1. Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.
2. Regulation of osmolarity.
3. Maintenance of ion balance.
4. Homeostatic regulation of pH.
5. Excretion of waste.
6. Production of hormones.
7. Gluconeogenesis.

Answer 1

Kidneys

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWHasxDRf54

Question 2

The _____ is the functional unit of the kidney.

Answer 2

nephron

Question 3

The renal corpuscle includes the ___ _____ (Bowman’s capsule) and the ___.

Answer 3

glomerular capsule, glomerulus

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ioir82UA9x4

Question 4

The _____ consist mainly of tubules that transport urine from the cortical, or outer, part of the kidney (where urine is produced) to the calyces, or cup-shaped cavities in which urine collects before it passes through the ureter to the bladder. The point of each pyramid, called the papilla, projects into a calyx.

Answer 4

pyramids

Question 5

The point of each ____, called the papilla, projects into a calyx.

Answer 5

pyramid

Question 6

The ____ are cup-shaped cavities in which urine collects before it passes through the ureter to the bladder.

Answer 6

calyces

Question 7

The pyramids consist mainly of _____

Answer 7

tubules

they transport urine made in the outer part of the kidney (cortex) to the calyces (cup-shaped cavities) before going to the ureters

Question 8

The function of the _____ is for:

*filtration

*tubular reabsorption

*tubular secretion

Answer 8

nephron

Question 9

____________: a tuft of capillaries composed of endothelial cells (inside Bowman’s capsule).

Answer 9

Glomerulus

Question 10

Renal pyramid is composed of:

Answer 10

mostly tubules

Question 11

Renal pyramid function is to:

Answer 11

transport urine from the cortical areas to the calyces

Calyx: cup-shaped cavity connected to ureter

Question 12

Cup-shaped cavity connected to ureter:

Answer 12

calyx

There are many calyces.

Question 13

Name the structure that:

Is a cup-like sac

Performs the first step in filtration of blood to form urine

Is at the beginning of the tubular component of the nephron

Answer 13

Bowman’s capsule

(glomerular capsule)

Question 14

_____ _____: Surrounds the glomerulus (tuft of capillaries)

Answer 14

Bowman’s capsule

(glomerular capsule)

Question 15

Name this structure:

The capsule is a sealed, expanded sac

Houses the filtration structure of the mammalian kidney (glomerulus: a tuft of capillaries, endothelial cells)

Answer 15

Bowman’s capsule

(glomerular capsule)