Definitions

Question 1

What is “osmosis”:

Answer 1

The process of equalizing solute concentrations (that are joined by a semipermeable membrane).

Question 2

Name this process:

“The spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.”

Answer 2

Osmosis

Question 3

Osmosis:

“A process by which _____ of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.”

Answer 3

molecules

the “solvent” is usually water

Question 4

One example of passive transport is diffusion, when molecules move spontaneously (without any energy input) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and an example of this is:

Answer 4

osmosis.

Question 5

______ transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

Answer 5

Passive

Question 6

Instead of using cellular energy, like active transport, passive transport relies on the ____ law of thermodynamics to drive the movement of substances across cell membranes.

Answer 6

second

Question 7

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 7

…the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state

A state of increased entropy.

Question 8

Entropy is a measure of “disorder” in a system: the ability to transform chemical energy into ____ energy.

Answer 8

mechanical

Question 9

____ is the ability to bring about change or to do work.

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

Energy is the ability to bring about change or to do work.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics is about the ____ of energy:

“in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.”

A state of increased entropy.

Answer 10

quality

It is natural for a system to decrease in potential energy.

Question 11

________ ________:

Is a cup-like sac

Performs the first step in filtration of blood to form urine

Is at the beginning of the tubular component of the nephron

The capsule is a sealed, expanded sac

Houses the filtration structure of the mammalian kidney (glomerulus: a tuft of capillaries, endothelial cells)

Answer 11

Bowman’s capsule

glomerular capsule