Kidney Phsyiology

Question 1

What are nephrons?

Answer 1

Functional unit of the kidney

Question 2

What is the renal corpuscle and what does it do?

Answer 2

Where blood enters
Makes filtrate

Question 3

What is the renal tubule and what does it do?

Answer 3

Is where filtrate moves through to get to collecting duct
Allows for movement of substances between filtrate and blood

Question 4

What do collecting ducts do?

Answer 4

Collect filtrate from multiple nephrons and concentrates that filtrate

Question 5

What is part of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 5

Glomerular Capsule (parietal and podocytes)
Glomerulus

Question 6

What are the parts of the renal tubule?

Answer 6

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Nephron Loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Question 7

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Answer 7

Winds back towards renal corpuscle and then attaches to collecting duct

Question 8

What are the types of nephrons?

Answer 8

Cortical Nephrons
Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Question 9

What are cortical nephrons?

Answer 9

85% of all nephrons
Filters everything sent to them
Almost all in renal cortex
Peritubular capillary surrounds renal tubeule

Question 10

Where are cortical nephrons located?

Answer 10

Renal cortex but nephron loops goes slightly in renal medulla

Question 11

What are juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 11

15 % of all nephrons
Concentrates urine
Peritubular capillary and Vasa recta surround renal tubule

Question 12

Where are juxtamedullary nephrons located?

Answer 12

Renal cortex but nephron loop is very long and is mostly in renal medulla

Question 13

What is found in the renal cortex?

Answer 13

Renal Corpuscle
Proximal and distal convoluted Tubule of cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
Cortical radiate artery/ vein
Afferent/ efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries

Question 14

What are found in renal pyramids?

Answer 14

Nephron loop of cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
Collecting ducts
Vasa recta

Question 15

What are found in renal columns?

Answer 15

Nephron structures same as cortex
Interlobar artery/ vein

Question 16

Overall blood flow through kidney

Answer 16

Renal A.
Segmental A
Interlobar A
Arcuate A
Cortical Radiate A
Afferent A
Glomerulus A
Efferent A
Paratubular and Vasa Recta
Cortical Radiate V
Arcuate V
Interlobar V
Renal V

Question 17

What blood vessels are associated with renal corpuscle?

Answer 17

Afferent arteriole
glomerulus
Efferent arteriole

Question 18

Characteristics of afferent arteriole

Answer 18

Branches from cortical radiate a
Large lumen
High pressure

Question 19

Characteristics of Glomerulus

Answer 19

Arise from afferent arteriole
Fenestrated capillary under high pressure

Question 20

Efferent arteriole characteristics

Answer 20

Lower pressure
Small lumen
Continues to become peritubular capillary

Question 21

What blood vessels are associated with renal tubule?

Answer 21

Peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta

Question 22

Characteristics of peritubular capillaries

Answer 22

Arise from efferent arterioles
Surrounds PCT and DCT
Low pressure
Porous capillaries for absorption

Question 23

Characteristics of Vasa Recta?

Answer 23

Continue from peritubular capillaries
Surrounds nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons and descends into renal medulla

Question 24

Steps to how urine is created

Answer 24

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsoprtion
Tubular secretion

Question 25

What happens if MAP is too high?

Answer 25

You will pee more

Question 26

What happens if MAP is too low?

Answer 26

You won’t pee

Question 27

What regulates the drop in blood pressure when the remaining blood moves into efferent arteriole toward peritubular capillary?

Answer 27

The smaller lumen of efferent arteriole

Question 28

What are non filterable blood components?

Answer 28

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Albumin and other blood proteins