Kidney Phsyiology Flashcards
What are nephrons?
Functional unit of the kidney
What is the renal corpuscle and what does it do?
Where blood enters
Makes filtrate
What is the renal tubule and what does it do?
Is where filtrate moves through to get to collecting duct
Allows for movement of substances between filtrate and blood
What do collecting ducts do?
Collect filtrate from multiple nephrons and concentrates that filtrate
What is part of the renal corpuscle?
Glomerular Capsule (parietal and podocytes)
Glomerulus
What are the parts of the renal tubule?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Nephron Loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Winds back towards renal corpuscle and then attaches to collecting duct
What are the types of nephrons?
Cortical Nephrons
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
What are cortical nephrons?
85% of all nephrons
Filters everything sent to them
Almost all in renal cortex
Peritubular capillary surrounds renal tubeule
Where are cortical nephrons located?
Renal cortex but nephron loops goes slightly in renal medulla
What are juxtamedullary nephrons?
15 % of all nephrons
Concentrates urine
Peritubular capillary and Vasa recta surround renal tubule
Where are juxtamedullary nephrons located?
Renal cortex but nephron loop is very long and is mostly in renal medulla
What is found in the renal cortex?
Renal Corpuscle
Proximal and distal convoluted Tubule of cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
Cortical radiate artery/ vein
Afferent/ efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
What are found in renal pyramids?
Nephron loop of cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
Collecting ducts
Vasa recta
What are found in renal columns?
Nephron structures same as cortex
Interlobar artery/ vein
Overall blood flow through kidney
Renal A.
Segmental A
Interlobar A
Arcuate A
Cortical Radiate A
Afferent A
Glomerulus A
Efferent A
Paratubular and Vasa Recta
Cortical Radiate V
Arcuate V
Interlobar V
Renal V
What blood vessels are associated with renal corpuscle?
Afferent arteriole
glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Characteristics of afferent arteriole
Branches from cortical radiate a
Large lumen
High pressure
Characteristics of Glomerulus
Arise from afferent arteriole
Fenestrated capillary under high pressure
Efferent arteriole characteristics
Lower pressure
Small lumen
Continues to become peritubular capillary
What blood vessels are associated with renal tubule?
Peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta
Characteristics of peritubular capillaries
Arise from efferent arterioles
Surrounds PCT and DCT
Low pressure
Porous capillaries for absorption
Characteristics of Vasa Recta?
Continue from peritubular capillaries
Surrounds nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons and descends into renal medulla
Steps to how urine is created
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsoprtion
Tubular secretion
What happens if MAP is too high?
You will pee more
What happens if MAP is too low?
You won’t pee
What regulates the drop in blood pressure when the remaining blood moves into efferent arteriole toward peritubular capillary?
The smaller lumen of efferent arteriole
What are non filterable blood components?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Albumin and other blood proteins
