Kidney phisiology

Question 1

What is secreted in the glomerulus?

Answer 1

• RENIN! Juxtoglomerula cells (granular cells) secrete renin!
• Renin angiotensin system

Question 2

What is absorbed in the glomerulus?

Answer 2

• Water
• Glucose
• Amino acids

Question 3

What does the glomerulus do?

Answer 3

• Filters blood

Question 4

What is secreted in the Proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 4

• H+ ions

* Organic acids and bases

Question 5

What is absorbed in the Proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 5

• All glucose
• Lactate and amino acids
• 65% of water
• 80% HCO3-
• 60% CL-
• 55% K+

Question 6

What does the Proximal convoluted tubule do?

Answer 6

• This is the main site of reabsorbtion

* Site of action for osmotic diuretics → Mannitol, iosorbide.

Question 7

What does the descending loop of Henle do?

Answer 7

It is the main site of water reabsorbtion

Question 8

What is absorbed in the descending loop of Henle?

Answer 8

Water! Nothing else, just water.

Question 9

What is secreted in the descending loop of Henle?

Answer 9

nothing. Nothing is absorbed.

Question 10

Where is the main site that concentrates urine?

Answer 10

The loop of Henle

Question 11

What is absorbed in the Ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 11

• SALT!!!
• K+
• Ca+
• Mg+

Question 12

What is secreted in the Ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 12

• H+ ions

Question 13

What does the ascending loop of Henle do?

Answer 13

• It is the main site of salt reabsorption

* Site of action for loop diuretics → Furosemide, bumetanide

Question 14

Where is the site of action for loop diuretics?

Answer 14

The ascending loop of henle.

Question 15

What is absorbed in the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 15

• NaCl+ → in response to aldosterone hormone

* Ca2+ → in response to Parathyroid hormone

Question 16

What is secreted in the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 16

• Aldosterone

* K+

Question 17

What does the distal convoluted tubule do?

Answer 17

It adjusts the composition of urine

Question 18

What is released by the macular densa in the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 18

Aldosterone

Question 19

What is the release of aldosterone in response to?

Answer 19

↑↑ NaCl concentration

Question 20

Where is the site of action for thiazide diuretics?

Answer 20

The distal convoluted tubule

Question 21

What does the collecting duct do?

Answer 21

responsible for the final concentration of urine

Question 22

What is secreted in the collecting duct?

Answer 22

• K+ → regulated by aldosterone

Question 23

What is absorbed in the collecting duct?

Answer 23

• Water → regulated by ADH
• Salt → regulated by aldosterone
• Urea. ↑↑ by aldosterone

Question 24

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 24

• Predominantly in adulthood, erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney
• Predominantly in childhood, it is produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver.

Question 25

What is erythropoietin?

Answer 25

• EPO controls red blood cell production.

Question 26

What is rhabdomylosis?

Answer 26

• It is a condition where skeletal muscle is damaged and breaks down releasing myoglobin into the blood stream.
• Myoglobin may thus cause renal tubular obstruction, direct nephrotoxicity (ischemia and tubular injury), intrarenal vasoconstriction, and acute kidney injury (AKI).