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KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY > KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Kidney

A
  1. Regulation of aspect of homeostasis
  2. Excretion/Elimination of Waster Products
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2
Q

Changes of __________ can all be balanced by renal functions.

A

Chloride, Calcium, Potassium, Hydrogen, Magnesium, Phosphate ions

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3
Q

____ (10 mEq/day) can increase or decrease by 1 order of magnitude with little change in plasma sodium concentration or extracellular fluid volume.

A

Salt intake.

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4
Q

Excretion of water and electrolyte must match their intake

A

Regulation of water and electrolyte balances

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5
Q

Regulation occurs by excreting variable amounts of salt and water as well as through systems such as renin productions

A

Regulation of Arterial pressure

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6
Q

Regulation occurs by excreting acids and controlling buffering capabilities

A

Regulation of acid-base balance

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7
Q

Kidneys produce the active form of vitamin D

A

Regulation of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3

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8
Q

Kidneys synthesize glucose from amino acids and other precursors during long periods of fasting

A

Gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

Location of the kidney

A
  • Against the dorsal body wall (retroperitoneal)
  • Levels in T12-L3
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10
Q

Layers of the Kidney

A
  1. Renal Capsule
  2. Adipose Capsule
  3. Renal Fascia
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11
Q

Barrier against trauma and maintain shape

A

Renal Capsule

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12
Q

Mass of fatty tissue and helps the kidney in its correct location

A

Adipose Capsule

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13
Q

A thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue anchors the kidney to the surrounding structure

A

Renal Fascia

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14
Q

Ureter, blood & lymphatic vessels and nerve emerges

A

Renal Hilum

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15
Q

Kidneys are divided into two regions

A

Outer cortex & Inner Medulla

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16
Q

The medulla is divided into:

A

Renal Pyramids

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17
Q

It is the functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

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18
Q

Two significant components of the nephron

A
  1. Glomerulus through which large amounts of fluid are filtered from the blood
  2. Tubule in which the fluid is turned into urine on its way to pelvis of the kidney
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19
Q

It is composed of a network of branching capillaries that has a high hydrostatic pressure (60mmHg)

A

Glomerulus

20
Q

The entire Glomerulus is encased in

A

Bowman’s Capsule

21
Q

Nephrons whose glomeruli are located in the outer cortex are called?

A

Cortical Nephrons

22
Q

Nephrons whose glomeruli are located in the deep cortex are called?

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

23
Q

Each kidney contains about how many collecting ducts and how many nephrons?

A

250 large collecting ducts
Approximately 4000 nephrons

24
Q

Each kidney contains about how many collecting ducts and how many nephrons?

A

250 large collecting ducts
Approximately 4000 nephrons

25
Q

It is the initial step or the first step in urine production.

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

26
Q

It is the process through which your kidney filters excess fluid and waste items from your blood into the kidney’s urine collecting tubules where they can be removed from you body.

A

Glomerulus Filtration Rate

27
Q

GFR occurs in:

A

Renal Corpuscle, Bowman’s Capsule; Glomerular Capillaries

28
Q

What do you call to filtered fluids?

A

Glomerular Filtrate

29
Q

GFR per minute in men and women.

A

125 ml/min (men)
105 ml/min (women)

30
Q

What is the composition of Glomerular Filtrate?

A

Most salts and organic compounds

31
Q

Molecular weight chemicals that are not readily filtered because they are attached to plasma proteins

A

Calcium and fatty acids

32
Q

It is the wall of the glomerulus.

A

Glomerulus Filtration Barrier

33
Q

It goes towards the glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

34
Q

It left the glomerulus

A

Efferent Arteriole

35
Q

3 Layers of Glomerular Filtration Barrier

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Basement Membrane
  3. Epithelium
36
Q

Solutes, plasma, and fluids can pass through, but not blood cells

A

Endothelium

37
Q

Gel-like layer with tiny pores that prevent plasma proteins from being filtered out of the bloodstream

A

Basement Membrane

38
Q

This layer consist of podocytes that blocks plasma protein passage because it has a negative charge

A

Epithelium

39
Q

Average colloid osmotic pressure of the capillary plasma

A

28-36 mmHg

40
Q

The average glomerular hydrostatic pressure

A

60mmHg

41
Q

The average Bowman’s Capsule pressure

A

18 mmHg

42
Q

The average Net filtration pressure

A

10mmHg

43
Q

What happens to increased arterial pressure?

A

Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure increases and increase Glomerular Fast Reduction Rate

44
Q

What happens to the dilation of the afferent arteriole?

A

Reduction of Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure and increase in the Glomerular Ventricular Area

45
Q

Moderate levels of arteriolar constriction will?

A

Slight increase in GFR

46
Q

Renal Blood Flow

A

Aorta–> Renal Artery–> Segmental Artery–> Lobar Artery–> Interlobar Artery–> Arcuate Artery–> Interlobular Artery–> Afferent Arteriole –> Glomerulus–> Efferent Arteriole–> Peritubular capillaries–> Interlobular Vein–> Arcuate Vein–> Interlobar Vein–> Renal Vein–> Inferior Vena Cava

KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (2 decks)

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