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KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Urinary System

A
  1. Excretion/Elimination of waste products
  2. Regulates aspects of homeostasis
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2
Q

Nitrogenous wastes

A
  1. Urea and ammonia
  2. Creatinine
  3. Uric Acid
  4. Urobilin
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3
Q

The enzyme that increase blood pressure

A

Renin

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4
Q

Electrolytes

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphate ions

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5
Q

Regulation calcium homeostasis

A

Vitamin D (calcitriol)

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6
Q

RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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7
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Ureter
  3. Urinary Bladder
  4. Urethra
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8
Q

It is the major work in the urinary system

A

Kidney

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9
Q

Adult kidney size:

A

4.5 inch long, 2-3 inch wide, 1 inch thick

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10
Q

Location of the Kidney

A
  1. Against the dorsal body wall (retroperitoneal)
  2. Levels in T12-L3
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11
Q

Layers of the Kidney

A
  1. Renal Capsule
  2. Adipose Capsule
  3. Renal Fascia
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12
Q

Part of the covering of the kidney that maintains shape and trauma against barrier

A
  1. Renal Capsule
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13
Q

Composed of a mass of fatty tissue that helps the kidney in the correct position

A
  1. Adipose Capsule
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14
Q

A thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures and the abdominal wall

A
  1. Renal Fascia
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15
Q

This is where the ureter, blood, and lymphatic vessels, and nerves emerge

A

Renal Hilum

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16
Q

Inferior displacement or dropping of the kidney (more common in females)

A

Nephrotosis

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17
Q

2 regions of the kidney

A

Renal Cortex (Outer) and Renal Medulla (Inner)

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18
Q

It is the superficial light red region.

A

Renal Cortex

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19
Q

It extends between renal pyramids

A

Renal Columns

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20
Q

Deep, darker reddish-brown inner that contains renal pyramids

A

Renal Medulla

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21
Q

It points toward the renal hilum

A

Renal pappillae

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22
Q

Triangular regions of tissue in the medulla

A

Medullary pyramids

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23
Q

Extensions of cortex-liked material inward

A

Renal Columns

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24
Q

Consist of renal cortex and renal pyramids

A

Parenchyma

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25
Q

Functional and structural units of the kidney and responsible for forming urine

A

Nephrons

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26
Q

It is where filtrate fluid formed by nephrons and extend through the renal papillae of pyramids

A

Papillary Ducts

27
Q

Funnel urine towards the renal pelvis

A

Minor and Major Calyces

28
Q

It contains parts of the renal pelvis, calyces, and branches of the renal blood vessels and nerves

A

Renal Sinus

29
Q

State the path of urine drainage

A
  1. Collecting Duct
  2. Papillary Duct
  3. Minor Calyx
  4. Major Calyx
  5. Renal Pelvis
  6. Ureter
  7. Urinary Bladder
30
Q

Renal Blood Flow per minute

A

1,200 ml per minute

31
Q

State the Renal Blood supply

A

Aorta-> Renal Artery-> Segmental Artery-> Lobar Artery-> Inter-lobar artery-> Arcuate Artery-> Inter-lobular artery-> Afferent Arteriole-> Glomerulus-> Efferent Arteriole-> Peritubular capillaries-> Interlobular Veins-> Arcuate Vein-> Inter-lobar Vein-> Renal Vein- Inferior Vena Cava

32
Q

2 Main parts of Nephrons

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Renal Tubule
33
Q

It is where blood plasma is filtered (renal cortex), and the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule are found in this area.

A

Renal Corpuscle

34
Q

It is where filtered blood passes

A

Renal tubule

35
Q

A ball-shaped capillary network that has a high hydrostatic pressure (60 mmHg)

A

Glomerulus

36
Q

It is where the DCT empties its content

A

Collecting duct

37
Q

It has a visceral layer consisting of podocytes where fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries

A

Bowman’s Capsule

38
Q

Type of Nephron that located entirely in the cortex

A

Cortical Nephrons

39
Q

Type of Nephron that is found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla and has the ability to produce concentrated urine

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

40
Q

State the flow of fluid through cortical nephrons

A

Bowman’s Capsule->Proximal Convoluted Tubule-> Descending limb of nephron loop-> Ascending limb of the nephron loop-> Distal Convoluted Tubule

41
Q

State the flow of fluid through juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Bowman’s Capsule-> Proximal Convoluted Tubule-> Descending limb of the nephron loop-> Thin ascending limb of the nephron loop-> Thick Ascending limb of the nephron loop-> Distal Convoluted Tubule

42
Q

It arises from the efferent arteriole of the glomerulus and travel alongside nephrons

A

Peritubular Capillaries

43
Q

Basic Processes in Producing Urine

A
  1. Glomerular Filtration
  2. Tubular Reabsorption
  3. Tubular Secretion
44
Q

A process that filters plasma

A

Glomerular Filtration

45
Q

A process that reabsorbs needed compounds & water from the filtrate.

A

Tubular Reabsorption

46
Q

A process that secretes some material into filtrate

A

Tubular Secretion

47
Q

It is the first step of urine production and occurs in renal corpuscle

A

Glomerular Filtration

48
Q

It is the fluid that enters the capsular space

A

Filtrate/Glomerular Filtrate

49
Q

Fraction of blood plasma in the afferent arterioles of the kidneys that becomes glomerular filtrate.

A

Filtration Fraction

50
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate per minute

A

105ml/min (women)- 125 ml/min (men)

51
Q

Most reabsorption occurs in where?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

52
Q

It consist of substances filtered across the filtration membrane and are secreted from peritubular capillaries into the nephron.

A

Urine

53
Q

Plasma pH

A

7.35-7.45`

54
Q

2 important outcomes in tubular secretion

A

Secretion of the hydrogen ions
Secretion of other substances

55
Q

Decrease glomerular filtration rate by causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles

A

Angiotensin II

56
Q

Stimulates the principal cells in the collecting ducts to reabsorb more sodium and secrete more potassium

A

Aldosterone

57
Q

Increases GFR & inhibits aldosterone and ADH

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

58
Q

It responds to increased concentration of solute in blood+fall in BP

A

Anti-diuretic Hormone

59
Q

Layers of Ureter

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis
  3. Adventitia
59
Q

Layers of Ureter

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis
  3. Adventitia
60
Q

Slender tubes attach the kidney to the bladder.

A

Ureter

61
Q

The hollow distensible urinary organ in the pelvic cavity

A

Urinary Bladder

62
Q

Urinary bladder capacity

A

700-800 ml

63
Q
A

KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (2 decks)

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