Kidney Function Tests

Question 0

Increased Creatinine clearance:

Answer 0

High cardiac output
Pregnancy
Burns
Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 1

It is considered the best overall indicator of the level of kidney function.

Answer 1

Glomerular Filtration Rate/ GFR

*GFR decreases by 1.0ml/min/year after age 20-30 years.

Question 2

Decreased Creatinine clearance:

Answer 2

Impaired kidney function
Shock, dehydration
Hemorrhage
Congestive heart failure

Question 3

Better predictor of GFR than creatinine clearance in ADVANCE renal failure.

Answer 3

Urea clearance

Question 4

Major end product of protein and amino acid catabolism- 45% of the total NPN.

Answer 4

Blood Urea Nitrogen / BUN

Question 5

First metabolite to increase in kidney disease.

Answer 5

BUN

Question 6

Formula from getting Urea concentration from BUN.

Answer 6

2.14 x BUN = urea mg%

Question 7

Increased BUN

Answer 7

Chronic Renal Disease
Stress
Burns
High protein diet
Dehydration

Question 8

Decreased BUN

Answer 8

Poor Nutrition
Hepatic disease
Impaired absorption (celiac disease)
Pregnancy

Question 9

A measure of the completeness of 24 hour urine collection.

Answer 9

Creatinine

*A 24 hr urine sample with <0.8 g/day of creatinine indicates that some urine was probably discarded.

Question 10

Increased Creatinine

Answer 10

Impaired renal function
Chronic Hepatitis
Congrstive heart failure

Question 11

Decreased Creatinine

Answer 11

Decreased muscle mass
Advanced and severe liver disease
Pregnancy
Inadequate dietary protein

Question 12

End product of muscle metabolism derived from creatine (a-methyl guanidoacetic acid)

Answer 12

Creatinine

Question 13

Low Ratio (BUN:Crea) <10:1
(4)

Answer 13

Low protein diet
Acute tubular necrosis
Repeated dialysis
Hepatic disease

Question 14

High ratio of BUN:Crea >20:1 WITH NORMAL CREATININE

5

Answer 14

Pre-renal azotemia
Dehydration
Catabolic states
GI hemorrhage
High protein diet

Question 15

High Ratio of BUN:Crea >20:1 WITH INCREASED CREATININE

3

Answer 15

Post-renal azotemia
Pre-renal azotemia with renal disease
Renal failure

Question 16

Major product of purine catabolism

Answer 16

Blood Uric Acid / BUA

Question 17

Presence of “birefringent crystals in the synovial fluid” is its definitive diagnosis.

Answer 17

Gout

Question 18

Deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPGRT)

Answer 18

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

• hyperuricemia
• inborn error of purine metabolism

Question 19

Decreased Uric Acid-> hypouricemia

Answer 19

Fanconi’s syndrome
Wilson’s disease
Hodgkin’s disease.

Question 20

Simplest and most specific method for URIC ACID

Answer 20

Uricase method

*enzymatic method

Question 21

Excretion tests:

Answer 21

Para-amino Hippurate test | PAH test

Phenosulfonthalein Dye test | PSP test