kidney function 2 Flashcards
juxtaglomerular apparatus
connects the DCT and the glomerulus, regulates blood pressure and the GFR
macula densa cells function
detect Na+ concentration in the DCT
juxtaglomerular cells
adjust diameter of afferent arteriole
in response to increased Na+ conc in the filtrate what do macula densa cells do
release adenosine which constricts the afferent arteriole
in response to decreased Na+ concentration in the filtrate what do macula densa cells do
release prostaglandins which stimulates juxtaglomerular cells to release renin which activates the RAAS which increases BP
how does the RAAS restore blood pressure
renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 which is further converted to angiotensin II
angiotensin II tells the adrenal glands to release aldosterone which acts on the kidney nephrons and increases water retention therefore increasing BP
What target receptors does angiotensin II bind to
arterioles - constriction
hypothalamus - thirst
pituitary gland - ADH release
adrenal medulla - alsdosterone release
what does kidney disease result in
inappropriate activation of the RAAS
inadequate removal of fluid and metabolism waste products
causes of kidney disease
hypertension diabetes high cholestrol kidney stones long term use of anti inflammatories e.g ibruprofen
symptoms of kidney disease
hypertension nausea blood in urine oedema weak bones
how is kidney disease regulated
decreased salt intake
weight loss
angiotensin receptor blockers
kidney failure
sees kidneys with less than 15% function. requires dialysis or transplant
types of dialysis
haemodialysis - uses a machine
peritoneal dialysis - uses peritoneum as a filter
