Kidney func

Question 1

Urea conc milk

Answer 1

2-3 mmol/l

Question 2

normal creatinin conc

Answer 2

50-200 umol/l

Question 3

Plasma urea (mmol/l) / plasma creatinine (µmol/l)

Answer 3

0.1-0.06

Question 4

High urea:

Answer 4

 increased protein intake
 gastrointestinal bleeding
 fever (increased protein catabolism)  tetracycline, steroid treatment
 haemolysis
 necrotic processes
 hyperthyroidism (increased protein catabolism)
 catabolic drugs (amphetamine)

Question 5

low urea

Answer 5

 liver failure, portosystemic shunt
 polyuria-polydypsia
 low protein intake
 anabolic steroids

Question 6

low normal creatinin

Answer 6

 cachexia  chronic muscle atrophy

Question 7

high creatinin

Answer 7

 inflammation of muscles (myocarditis, rhabdomyolysis)
 rhabdomyosarcoma
 muscle trauma
 increased meat intake

Question 8

normal creatinin clearance

Answer 8

2.4-5 (dog), 1.9-5 (cat)

Question 9

Urinary total protein/creatinine ratio
normal

Answer 9

< 0.078 (dog).

Question 10

When is there pathological protein uria

Answer 10

If the ratio is more than 0.131,

Question 11

Basic tests
- normal value at 5% dehydration
GRAVITY

Answer 11

1050-1080 g/l

Question 12

Basic tests
- normal value at 5% dehydration
URINE OSMOLALITY

Answer 12

dog: 1787-2791 mOsm/kg,

cat: 1581-2984 mOsm/kg

Question 13

Basic tests
- normal value at 5% dehydration
URINE OSMOLALITY

Answer 13

dog: 1787-2791 mOsm/kg,

cat: 1581-2984 mOsm/kg

Question 14

Alkaline phosphatase (U/l) / Creatinine (µmol/l)
normal value:

Answer 14

0.02

Question 15

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/l) / Creatinine (µmol/l)
normal value:

Answer 15

0.01

Question 16

When do we use a water deprivation test to see

Answer 16

when we want to evaluate the causes of polyuria and polydypsia .

Question 17

if specific gravity is: 1050-1080 g/l
Normal -1050-1080 g/l

Answer 17

psychogenous polydypsia

Question 18

if specific gravity is: 1050-1080 g/l
Normal -1001-1007 g/l

Answer 18

tubular cell damage or decreased ADH (antidiuretic hormone) function

Question 19

When is the water deprivation test contraindiated?

Answer 19

in case of high urea concentration in the blood (>25 mmol/l), and in case of animals having diabetes mellitus!