Kidney and body fluids Flashcards
explain the reason for the multitask results in patients suffering a urinary tract infection
- kidney damage–> WBC recruitment–> flush out in urine
- bacteria produces acid –. lower pH
- bacteria (certain strains) can produce nitrates
- kidney damage–> protein filtered
your patient has oliguria ( reduced urinary output) and urinalysis results of + blood +protein, SG 1.035 what disorder would you suspect? how do these multisite results come about in this order?
glomerulonephritis because it is an inflammation disorder/
- –> leaky membrane –> allowing protein to pass and thus get into urine
- presence of protein thus increase specific gravity
- sometimes blood can pass through membrane this is some cases there is presence of blood in urine
An infant has an increased vulnerability to altered fluid/ electrolyte balance compared to the adult because:
- 80% of total body weight in infant is water
b. infants metabolic rate is higher than adults
c. infant normally loses and replaces 25% of total body water in 24 hrs
d. young infants kidneys are unable to concentrate on urine and retain fluids
e. ALL OF THE ABOVE
ALL OF THE ABOVE
A physical sign in evaluating flip deficits in infants is
a. hyperthermia
b. weak peripheral pulses and mottled or gray skin colour
c. irritability
d. hyperventilation
e. all of the above
weak peripheral pulses and mottled or gray skin colour
the 1st goal of rapid infusion of intravenous fluids during the initial treatment of dehydration is to replace fluid in
a. the intracellular fluid compartment
b. the interstitial fluid
c. the circulation
d. the CSF
e. all the body fluid compartments equally
the circulation
which of the following mechanisms causes hydrogen ion disturbances (acid-base imbalance) following excessive diarrhoea?
a. excessive loss of bicarbonate in stools
b. increased catabolism of glycogen in liver
c. excessive loss of hydrogen ion in urine
d. lactic acid production due to decreased tissue perfusion
e. both a and d
both a and d
a. excessive loss of bicarbonate ions in stool
d. lactic acid production due to decreased tissue perfusion
which of following mechanisms cause hydrogen ion disturbances (acid-base imbalance) after excessive vomiting?
a. excessive retention of bicarbonate loss in stools
b. excessive loss of hydrogen ions in stools
c. excessive loss of bicarbonate ions in vomitus
d. excessive loss of hydrogen ions in vomitus
e. , a and b
excessive loss of hydrogen ions in vomitus
KL’s stool culture was negative. the conclusion that can be drawn from this is / are
a. not suffering from infectious cause of her diarrhoea
b. not suffering from bacterial/ fungal cause of her diarrhoea
c. must have no intestinal flora
d. diarrhoea is caused by excessive administration of antibiotics
e. all of the above
not suffering from bacterial or fungal cause of her diarrhoea
