Kholberg's Flashcards
What is moral development?
Moral development is the process by which people develop the distinction between right and wrong (morality) and engage in reasoning between the two (moral reasoning).
Name all stages
PRE CONVENTIONAL STAGE
Obedience and punishment
Individualism and exchange
CONVENTIONAL STAGE
Developing good inter personal relationships
Maintaining social order
POST CONVENTIONAL STAGE
Social contract and individual rights
Universal principles
PRE CONVENTIONAL STAGE
In this stage the behaviour is shaped by the expectations of adults and consequences.
OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT
INDIVIDUALISM AND EXCHANGE
CONVENTIONAL STAGE
From early adolescence to adulthood the acceptance of social rules regarding what’s good and moral. Here they internalise the moral standards from their role models and society. Also accounts for acceptance of authority and conforming to norms of the group. (Paiget’s going from egocentric to socio centric)
DEVELOPING GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
MAINTAINING SOCIAL ORDER
POST CONVENTIONAL STAGE
Here is development of abstract principles of morality
SOCIAL CONTRACT AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES
OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT
People at this stage see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying rules is important as it is a way to avoid punishment. Moral compass based on compliance.
INDIVIDUALISM AND EXCHANGE
Individualism is high and egocentric from Piaget’s theory, they will judge if it is right or wrong depending on how it serves their individual needs. May indulge in situations of reciprocity (an exchange for mutual benefit) but only if it serves their own interest. These people argue that Heinz did the best course of action because it served his needs
DEVELOPING GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
The good girl and bad girl association. Moral development is done by living up to social expectations and roles. Conformity - obeying rules and law is emphasised.
MAINTAINING SOCIAL ORDER
Here the focus is on ensuring law and order is maintained. People here consider society as a whole while making decisions. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following rules, doing one’s duty and respecting authority.
SOCIAL CONTRACT AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
Understanding of different people having different value systems and the account for individual rights. Understanding that rules and law are important to maintain society but they should be agreed upon by the members of the society. (understanding of law as a construct)
UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES
People here base their own moral compass and universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. At this stage people follow internalised principles of justice even if they conflict with the law and rules.
