Keywords and Terms Flashcards
What are the six cases in Latin?
Nominative, Vocative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative and Ablative.
What is the Nominative case used for?
Subjects
What is the Vocative case used for?
Function for calling or questioning.
What is the accusative case used for?
Direct Objects
What is the Genitive case used for?
For possession.
What is the Dative case used for?
Indirect objects. (For/To)
What is the Ablative case used for?
Preposition (With/From)
What is the First Declension in Latin and what words use it?
The First Declension is a category of declension that consists mostly of feminine nouns.
What is the general rule about the First Declension?
All nouns in the First Declension end in -a (with very few exceptions) and have the same set of endings.
What is a preposition?
A word that always comes before a noun or pronoun, such as ‘with’. ‘I came with James’.
What is important to know about prepositions in Latin?
The noun or pronoun that the preposition brings in is always in the accusative or ablative.
What does ‘per’ mean?
‘Through’ and/or ‘throughout’. Pronouns and nouns come in the Accusative.
What does ‘post’ mean?
It means ‘after’, but can also mean ‘behind’. It is used less often spatially. Pronouns and nouns that come after are in the Accusative.
What does the preposition ‘Ab’ mean?
‘From’ and/or ‘Away from’. ‘A’ can also mean ‘Ab’. Pronouns and nouns that come after are in the Ablative.
What does the preposition ‘Cum’ mean?
‘Together with, With’. Pronouns and nouns are in the Ablative.
What does the Preposition ‘De’ mean?
‘Down from; about, concerning’.
What does the Preposition ‘E’ or ‘ex’ mean?
‘Out of, from’. Noun and Pronouns are in the Ablative.
What is the most common word for ‘and’?
‘Et’.
What does it mean when two ‘et’s are in close succession.
The word ‘Both’.
What does the word ‘Aut’ mean?
‘Or’
What is another word for ‘Or’ in Latin?
‘Vel’.
What happens when you have two ‘aut’ in close succession?
It translates to ‘either’.
What happens when two ‘nec’ are close together?
It means ‘neither’ or ‘nor’.
How do you write a yes or no question in Latin?
You add ‘ne’ at the end of the first word in a sentence. E.g. ‘Amasne Cibum?’
What letters won’t up that much in Latin?
‘K’, ‘W’ and ‘Z’.
What is a ‘diphthong’?
‘A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.’ - Wikipedia.
What sound does ‘AE’ make in Classical Latin?
‘Y’ like in ‘Sky’.
What sound does ‘AE’ make in Medieval Latin?
‘ay’ like in ‘Day’.
What sound does ‘OE’ make in Classical Latin?
‘oy’ like in ‘Boy’.
What sound does ‘AU’ make in Classical Latin?
‘ow’ like in ‘Cow’.
Is Latin a S V O language?
It is not. It can be S V O or S O V. It is more concerned with word ending.
What are Latin nouns grouped into?
Declensions.
How many declensions are there in Latin?
Five
What do you do to Latin verbs?
Conjugate them.
How many conjugations are in Latin?
Five.
What gender are the majority of nouns that belong to the 1st Declension?
Mostly feminine words.
How do you form the Imperfect tense?
Stem + BA + Personal Endings.
What are the personal endings for the Imperfect Tense?
-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis and -nt.
When translating a sentence, what is the first thing you should do?
Translate the verbs first.
What is a Demonstrative Noun?
A demonstrative pronoun is a word used to stand in for a noun. They are used to point to something or someone specific (e.g., ‘this is my sister’). The English demonstrative pronouns arethis, that, these, and those.
What pieces of information do you learn when learning a noun?
Nominative Singular + Genitive Singular. In some cases you learn the Nominative Plural + Genitive Plural.
