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Science Olympiad > Keywords and formulas > Flashcards

Keywords and formulas Flashcards

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1
Q

(wheatstone bridge) what does R1/R2 equal to?

A

R3/R4

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2
Q

What does R1 equal to in the delta to wye transformation

A

(RaxRb)/(Ra+Rb+Rc)

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3
Q

What does R2 equal to in the delta to wye transformation

A

(RaxRc)/(Ra+Rb+Rc)

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4
Q

What does R3 equal to in the delta to wye transformation

A

(Ra+Rb)/(Ra+Rb+Rc)

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5
Q

What is an essential node?

A

A node where 3 or more elements join

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6
Q

What is a node?

A

A point where two or more circuit elements join

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7
Q

What is a path?

A

A trace of adjoining elements where no elements included more than once

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8
Q

What is a branch?

A

A path which connects two essential nodes.

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9
Q

What is an essential branch?

A

A path which connects two essential nodes without passing through any other essential nodes.

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10
Q

What is a loop?

A

A path whose last node is the same as the starting node

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11
Q

What is a mesh?

A

A loop that does not enclose any other loops

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12
Q

What is a Planar circuit?

A

A circuit that can be laid out on a plane iwht no crossing branches

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13
Q

What does Rth equal?

A

(Voc)/(Isc)

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14
Q

What load of resistance will give rise to maximum power transfer into the load?

A

The same amount of resistance as Rth

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15
Q

Does a Thevenin equivalent circuit include a resistor in parallel or in series?

A

In series

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16
Q

Does a Norton equivalent circuit include a resistor in parallel or in series?

A

In parallel

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17
Q

What are capacitors?

A
  • Capacitors store energy in the form of electric charge
  • Capacitors oppose the change in voltage across their terminals
  • Change in voltage across the plates causes current to flow through the capacitor.
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18
Q

What is the formula for the voltage across a capacitor when discharging

A

Vc=Voexp(-t/RC)

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19
Q

What is the formula for voltage across a capacitor when charging

A

Vc=Vf[1-ecp(-t/RC)]

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20
Q

What are inductors

A
  • An inductor stores energy in the form of a magnetic field surrounding its coil
  • Inductors oppose the change in current through their terminals (or coil)
  • Change in current causes voltage to be developed across the inductor terminals (due to magnetic flux)
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21
Q

whats the time constant of a Resistor-Inductor circuit

A

L/R

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22
Q

Is a diode a semiconductor

A

yes

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23
Q

what are diodes commonly used for?

A

rectification- turning AC into DC

24
Q

What do diodes do to current?

A

they only allow current to flow in one direction

25
Q

What is the forward voltage drop of silocon

A

0.7v

26
Q

What is the forward voltage drop of Germanium

A

0.3v

27
Q

What is the forward voltage drop of Gallium Arsenide

A

1.8v

28
Q

What do zener diodes do

A

breakdown safely under reverse bias conditions

29
Q

What is breakdown voltage also known as

A

Zener voltage

30
Q

What do you do to semi conductors to turn them into p-type and n-type materials

A

dope them

31
Q

How are diodes made

A

the fusion of a PN junction

32
Q

what type of IV curves do diodes have

A

non linear

33
Q

What does a sinusoid signal v(t) equal to

A

Vmsin(wt+%)

34
Q

What is the phasor transform formula?

A

v(t)=Re(Vexpjwt)

35
Q

What are the phasor relationships for capacitors and inductors

A

current leads voltage by 90 degrees (capacitors)

inductors- voltage leads current by 90

36
Q

Z?

A

V/I

37
Q

resistance?

A

/z/cos%

38
Q

Y?

A

1/z

39
Q

Conductance?

A

/Y/cos%

40
Q

suceptance?

A

/Y/sin%

41
Q

Why are bipolar junction transistors usefull?

A

small curents can be used to controll much larger ones

42
Q

what are the 2 different types of transistor?

A

PNP NPN

43
Q

What are the 3 terminal devices

A

collector
base
emitter

44
Q

What are the characteristics of an ideal voltage amplifier

A

Av=infinity Ri=infinity Ro=0 They are differential amplifiers

45
Q

Application of negative feedback

A

Negative feedback is commonly used in op amp circuits to reduce the gain and improve the properties of the amplifier.

46
Q

What is the repercussion of the gain being assumed to be fininte? (non inverting amplifier)

A

V-=V+=Vi

47
Q

equation of vi in a non inverting amplifier?

A

Vo x (R2)/(R1+R2)

48
Q

What is the result of assumed infinte gain on a inverting amplifier?

A

V-=V+=0

49
Q

What is V- called in a inverting amplifier?

A

Virtual earth

50
Q

Formula for G? (non inverting)

A

[Vo/Vi]=[R1+R2/R2]

51
Q

Formula for G? (Inverting)

A

[Vo/Vi]=-(R1/R2)

52
Q

What does an inverting Summing amplifier do?

A

it is used to add up0 a number of voltages as in superposition

53
Q

formula for Vo in a inverting summing amplifer?

A

Vo=-V1(R1/R2)-V2(R1/R3)

54
Q

What does a differential amplifier do?

A

A differential amplifier can be used to amplify the differences between two voltages

55
Q

What is the formula for Vo for a differential amplifer?

A

Vo=(V1+V2)R1/R2

56
Q

What are the benefits of negative feedback on Op Amps

A

Negative feedback reduces gain
get more consistency
easy analysis

Science Olympiad (13 decks)

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