Keywords

Question 1

Define the term

1) abrasion
2) plucking
3) freeze thaw weathering

Answer 1

1) erosion caused by rocks in the base of the glacier scraping the rock below.
2) a type of erosion where melt water in the glacier freezes onto rocks and pulls out large pieces of rock as the ice moves forward.
3) exposed rocks that have cracks which fill with water and as it freezes and expands exerts pressure on the surrounding rock that eventually breaks off.

Question 2

Define (& explain)

1) corrie
2) arête
3) pyramidal peak

Answer 2

1) armchair shaped hollow in the mountain side formed by erosion, rotational slip and freeze thaw weathering. This is where a glacier begins.
2) a sharp ridge formed between two corries by erosion and freeze thaw.
3) where several corries cut back to meet at a central point, the mountain takes the form of a steep pyramid.

Question 3

Define and explain

1) tarn

2) ribbon lake

Answer 3

1) a small circular lake formed when the ice melts in a corrie
2) a long narrow lake in glaciated valleys formed where glacier had more erosive power eg. Softer rock, steeper gradient or where a tributary joins, then as the glacier retreats it deposits moraine so that when the glacier melts the water is trapped in the hollow.

Question 4

1)Define
A) conservation
B) land use conflicts
2) Give an example of a conservation charity and where it is based
3) give four examples of economic activities in glaciated areas.

Answer 4

1A) managing the environment in order to preserve, protect or restore it.
1B) disagreements which arise when different users of the land do not agree on how it should be used.
2) fix the fells in the Lake District.
3) tourism, forestry, farming and quarrying.

Question 5

Describe (& explain)

1) glacial trough
2) hanging valley
3) truncated spur

Answer 5

1) a river valley widened and deepened by the erosive power of a glacier, becoming a more u-shaped instead of the usual v-shape.
2) a tributary valley to the main glacier, too cold and too high up for ice to move easily, therefore not eroded as much. Maybe a waterfall today.
3) a former river valley spur which has been sliced off by a valley glacier, forming cliff like edges.

Question 6

Define and explain

1) drumlins
2) erratics
3) roche moutonnée

Answer 6

1) a hill made of glacial till deposited by a moving glacier, usually elongated or oval in shape, with the long axis parallel to the direction of ice.
2) rocks which have been transported and deposited by a glacier so,e distance from their source region.
3) the passage of glacier ice over bedrock leading to asymmetrical erosional forms as a result of abrasion on the “stoss” (upstrea) side of the rock and plucking on the “lee” (downstream) side.

Question 7

Define

1) till
2) outwash
3) moraine
4) bulldozing

Answer 7

1) an unsorted mixture of sand, clay and boulders carried by a glacier and deposited as ground moraine over a large area.
2) material, mainly sand and gravel, deposited by by meltwater streams in front of and underneath the glacier. The material is sorted and rounded by the water.
3) frost-shattered rock debris and material eroded from the valley floor and sides and transported and deposited by glaciers.
4) ice pushes material of all shapes and sizes as it pushes forward

Question 8

Define

1) lateral moraine
2) medial moraine
3) ground moraine
4) terminal moraine.

Answer 8

1) moraine deposited at the side of a glacial trough.
2) moraine deposited in the middle of a glacial trough and are found deposited along the sides of the glacier.
3) are disorganised piles of rocks of various shapes, sizes and of differing rock types.
4) are found at the terminus or the furthest (end) point reached by a glacier