Keywords

Question 1

Register

Answer 1

The relationship between the language and its context.

Question 2

Context

Answer 2

The circumstances that form the setting for an event.

Question 3

Affective Function

Answer 3

Language has primarily a social function

Question 4

Lexis

Answer 4

The total set of words in a language as distinct from morphology; vocabulary.

Question 5

Referential function

Answer 5

Language has an informative function

Question 6

Pragmatics

Answer 6

Subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning.

Question 7

Sociolinguistics

Answer 7

The study of language in relation to social factors, including differences of regional, class, and occupational dialect, gender differences, and bilingualism.

Question 8

Semantics

Answer 8

The branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning. The study of meanings.

Question 9

Semiotics

Answer 9

The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretations.

Question 10

Syntax

Answer 10

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Question 11

Morphology

Answer 11

The study of the forms of things (e.g. shape and structure).

Question 12

Phonology

Answer 12

The study of sounds in a language. The system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of language.

Question 13

Phonetics

Answer 13

The study and classification of speech sounds.

Question 14

Ellipsis

Answer 14

The omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues.

Question 15

Anachronism

Answer 15

A thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned.

Question 16

Hard Power

Answer 16

The Law, police, armed forces, walls, barbed wire, CCTV

Question 17

Soft Power

Answer 17

Products, commodities, fashions, desirables states of being, identities. Ideologies, how you want to be perceived.

Question 18

Epistemology

Answer 18

The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge – how we know what we know.

Question 19

Overt power/ knowledge relations

Answer 19

Religious instruction, parliamentary legalisation, medicine, science, economics.

Question 20

Covert power/ knowledge relations

Answer 20

Advertising, Journalism, arts and literature

Implicit meanings in cultural products

Question 21

Discourse

Answer 21

Written or spoken communication or debate, language of a particular field.

Question 22

Epistemes

Answer 22

Discursive formations: linguistic frameworks underlying limits of discourse/knowledge.

Question 23

Politeness

Answer 23

The relationship between how something is said to an addressee and that addressee’s judgement of how it should be said – Gundry 2008

Question 24

Direct speech acts

Answer 24

Asserting (declarative form), Questioning (Interrogative form), Ordering/Requesting (Imperative form).

Question 25

Indirect speech acts

Answer 25

Declarative “I’d like a coffee please” Assertive disguised as interrogative

Question 26

Homonym

Answer 26

two or more words having the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings and origins (e.g. tear/tear)

Question 27

Declarative

Answer 27

Declaring that you want something

Question 28

Interrogative

Answer 28

Asking/Questioning

Question 29

Imperative

Answer 29

Authoritative command/ordering

Question 30

Denotation

Answer 30

Direct meanings

Question 31

Connotation

Answer 31

Implied meanings

Question 32

Semantic Shift

Answer 32

Meanings shift over time – e.g. gay (happy/homo)

Question 33

Discourse markers

Answer 33

Fillers – e.g. well / I mean

Question 34

Paralinguistic features/paralanguage

Answer 34

Body language – things other than linguistics that aid language. E.g. shrugging, facial expressions.

Question 35

Prosodic features/prosody

Answer 35

Non-verbal aspects of speech: Tone, intonation, stress and rhythm.

Question 36

Grammar

Answer 36

Organisation rules of language

Question 37

Code Switching

Answer 37

Switching between languages in one sentence

Question 38

Language Crossing

Answer 38

Linguistic movement (conversation) between people of different social backgrounds/contexts

Question 39

Referential language

Answer 39

Containing a reference, solely conveying information

Question 40

Metalingual

Answer 40

using one chunk of text to define or explain another; using a story to define a term

Question 41

Idiolect

Answer 41

Language use that is typical of a particular person.

Question 42

Expressive language

Answer 42

Communicating feelings and emotions.

Question 43

Hedges

Answer 43

Mitigations to lessen the impact/force/softens of a message; e.g. The way women use super-polite forms of address

Question 44

Mode of language

Answer 44

Means of communication – e.g. speech, writing, phone calls.

Question 45

Intonation

Answer 45

Tone/Quality of voice

Question 46

Sociolect

Answer 46

The variety of language that is typically used by the members of a particular social group

Question 47

Cohesion

Answer 47

When lexis in a texts creates a chain of meanings throughout a text.

Question 48

Ideational

Answer 48

Language used as a code to make sense of the world around us

Question 49

Phatic

Answer 49

Relating to language used for general purposes of social interaction

Question 50

Prosody

Answer 50

The patterns of stress and intonation in language.

Question 51

Irony

Answer 51

The use of words to mean something very different from what they appear on the surface to mean.

Question 52

Stress

Answer 52

Emphasis on certain words within a sentence to change meaning