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7) PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 > keywords > Flashcards

keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

DEPENDANT VARIABLE

A

variable measured by experimenter

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2
Q

INDEPENDANT VARIABLE

A

event directly manipulated by experimenter to test effect on another variable

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3
Q

EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE

A

nuisance variables that make it harder to detect significant effect

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4
Q

OPERATIONALISE

A

ensuring variables can be easily tested e.g. educational attainment

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5
Q

STANDARDISED

A

set of procedures that are same for all participants (repeated)

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6
Q

CONFEDERATE

A

someone who is not a real participant and instructed how to behave

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7
Q

VALID CONSENT

A

participants must be given comprehensive info about purpose of study to make informed choice about participation

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8
Q

VALIDITY

A

whether observed effects is genuine/accurate
1) face - on the surface, based on intuition
2) content - method measurement and getting others to check
3) concurrent - comparing current method with existing valid one
4) construct - extent that test measures target construct
5) predictive - whether scores on test predict what you thought

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9
Q

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

A

which findings can be generalised to other settings e.g.
ecological (settings), population (groups), historical (time)

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10
Q

INTERNAL VALIDITY

A

observed effects were due to manipulation rather than confounding variables

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11
Q

MUNDANE REALISM

A

how study mirrors real world

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12
Q

HYPOTHESIS

A

testable statement about the assumed relationship between variables, operationalise to make it testable

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13
Q

DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

A

states direction of predicted difference between 2 conditions

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14
Q

NON DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

A

predicts there is difference between 2 conditions but not what difference it is

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15
Q

EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESIS

A

alternative hypothesis in experiment

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16
Q

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS (H1)

A

any hypothesis apart from null (alternative to null)

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17
Q

NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0)

A

assumption there is no relationship between variables

18
Q

PILOT STUDY

A

small scale trial to make improvements to real study

19
Q

COUNTER BALANCING

A

technique used to overcome order effects when using repeated measures

20
Q

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

A

way set of IV is delivered

21
Q

INDEPENDENT DESIGN

A

participants allocated to 2+ groups with diff levels of IV

22
Q

EXPERIMENT

A

research method where casual conclusions can be drawn as IV manipulated to observe effect of DV

23
Q

QUASI EXPERIMENT

A

almost experiment but no directly manipulated IV and casual conclusions only drawn tentatively

24
Q

DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS

A

a cue that makes a participant unconsciously work out aims and act a way they think the researcher wants

25
Q

TARGET POPULATION

A

group of people the researcher is interested in, generalisations made

26
Q

ETHICS COMITEE

A

group of people within research institution that improves study before it begins

27
Q

PRESUMPTIVE CONSENT

A

dealing with lack of consent by asking group who are similar to participants if they would of taken part

28
Q

BEHAVIOURAL CATEGORIES

A

dividing target behaviour into smaller behaviours e.g. stress > sweating

29
Q

EVENT SAMPLING

A

count number of times a behaviour occurs

30
Q

TIME SAMPLING

A

observer records behaviour in given time frame

31
Q

INTERVIEWER BIAS

A

effect of interviewer expectations on respondent behaviour

32
Q

OBSERVER BIAS

A

observers expectations effect what they see/hear

33
Q

RESEARCHER BIAS

A

anything that investigator does that effects participants (directly or indirectly)

34
Q

LAB

A

any room equipped to allow scientific research and measurement (can be observational not just experimental)
✅control confounding, use equipment e.g. pet scans
❌artificial behaviour

35
Q

ONLINE

A

access p’s through internet, often questionnaires
✅access large groups, representative
❌methods limited (questionnaires), harder to manage ethical issues/debrief

36
Q

FIELD

A

outside of lab in natural setting/familiar to p’s, but controlled like a lab
✅natural behaviour, examine in range of contexts
❌harder to control confounding/use equipment

37
Q

SELF-REPORT

A

non experimental method to ask people q’s about experiences/beliefs e.g. questionnaires/interviews

38
Q

RELIABILITY

A

whether its standardised and consistency of results
internal = consistency within itself
external = consistency over several occasions

39
Q

INTER RATE RELIABILITY

A

extent of agreement of overserved behaviours between 2+ researchers

40
Q
A

7) PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 (7 decks)

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