keywords

Question 1

DEPENDANT VARIABLE

Answer 1

variable measured by experimenter

Question 2

INDEPENDANT VARIABLE

Answer 2

event directly manipulated by experimenter to test effect on another variable

Question 3

EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE

Answer 3

nuisance variables that make it harder to detect significant effect

Question 4

OPERATIONALISE

Answer 4

ensuring variables can be easily tested e.g. educational attainment

Question 5

STANDARDISED

Answer 5

set of procedures that are same for all participants (repeated)

Question 6

CONFEDERATE

Answer 6

someone who is not a real participant and instructed how to behave

Question 7

VALID CONSENT

Answer 7

participants must be given comprehensive info about purpose of study to make informed choice about participation

Question 8

VALIDITY

Answer 8

whether observed effects is genuine/accurate
1) face - on the surface, based on intuition
2) content - method measurement and getting others to check
3) concurrent - comparing current method with existing valid one
4) construct - extent that test measures target construct
5) predictive - whether scores on test predict what you thought

Question 9

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

Answer 9

which findings can be generalised to other settings e.g.
ecological (settings), population (groups), historical (time)

Question 10

INTERNAL VALIDITY

Answer 10

observed effects were due to manipulation rather than confounding variables

Question 11

MUNDANE REALISM

Answer 11

how study mirrors real world

Question 12

HYPOTHESIS

Answer 12

testable statement about the assumed relationship between variables, operationalise to make it testable

Question 13

DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

Answer 13

states direction of predicted difference between 2 conditions

Question 14

NON DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

Answer 14

predicts there is difference between 2 conditions but not what difference it is

Question 15

EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESIS

Answer 15

alternative hypothesis in experiment

Question 16

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS (H1)

Answer 16

any hypothesis apart from null (alternative to null)

Question 17

NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0)

Answer 17

assumption there is no relationship between variables

Question 18

PILOT STUDY

Answer 18

small scale trial to make improvements to real study

Question 19

COUNTER BALANCING

Answer 19

technique used to overcome order effects when using repeated measures

Question 20

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Answer 20

way set of IV is delivered

Question 21

INDEPENDENT DESIGN

Answer 21

participants allocated to 2+ groups with diff levels of IV

Question 22

EXPERIMENT

Answer 22

research method where casual conclusions can be drawn as IV manipulated to observe effect of DV

Question 23

QUASI EXPERIMENT

Answer 23

almost experiment but no directly manipulated IV and casual conclusions only drawn tentatively

Question 24

DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 24

a cue that makes a participant unconsciously work out aims and act a way they think the researcher wants

Question 25

TARGET POPULATION

Answer 25

group of people the researcher is interested in, generalisations made

Question 26

ETHICS COMITEE

Answer 26

group of people within research institution that improves study before it begins

Question 27

PRESUMPTIVE CONSENT

Answer 27

dealing with lack of consent by asking group who are similar to participants if they would of taken part

Question 28

BEHAVIOURAL CATEGORIES

Answer 28

dividing target behaviour into smaller behaviours e.g. stress > sweating

Question 29

EVENT SAMPLING

Answer 29

count number of times a behaviour occurs

Question 30

TIME SAMPLING

Answer 30

observer records behaviour in given time frame

Question 31

INTERVIEWER BIAS

Answer 31

effect of interviewer expectations on respondent behaviour

Question 32

OBSERVER BIAS

Answer 32

observers expectations effect what they see/hear

Question 33

RESEARCHER BIAS

Answer 33

anything that investigator does that effects participants (directly or indirectly)

Question 34

LAB

Answer 34

any room equipped to allow scientific research and measurement (can be observational not just experimental) ✅control confounding, use equipment e.g. pet scans ❌artificial behaviour

Question 35

ONLINE

Answer 35

access p's through internet, often questionnaires ✅access large groups, representative ❌methods limited (questionnaires), harder to manage ethical issues/debrief

Question 36

FIELD

Answer 36

outside of lab in natural setting/familiar to p's, but controlled like a lab ✅natural behaviour, examine in range of contexts ❌harder to control confounding/use equipment

Question 37

SELF-REPORT

Answer 37

non experimental method to ask people q's about experiences/beliefs e.g. questionnaires/interviews

Question 38

RELIABILITY

Answer 38

whether its standardised and consistency of results internal = consistency within itself external = consistency over several occasions

Question 39

INTER RATE RELIABILITY

Answer 39

extent of agreement of overserved behaviours between 2+ researchers