Keystone & Writing Assignment #2 Flashcards
What is the most important factor in controlling soil erosion and keeping forest roads in serviceable condition?
Propper vegetation.
Small amount of highly erodible silt.
6” of asphalt black top.
Adequate drainage.
Adequate drainage.
Crowned roads …
Are designed to quickly drain road surfaces from the center of the road to the side ditches.
Are not traffickable with typical logging equipment.
Are prohibited in forests according to the Clean Water Act.
Usually drain rainwater not well.
Are designed to quickly drain road surfaces from the center of the road to the side ditches.
What is a disadvanged of insloped roads?
Water is draining to the uphill side and needs to be drained under the road through culverts.
They require a permit from the Army Corps of Engineers.
They are hard to traffick because of the uphill pitch.
Water is draining to the downhill side and might cause erosion.
Water is draining to the uphill side and needs to be drained under the road through culverts.
Turnout ditches …
Are sections in a forest road that allow vehicle traffic to pass loggin machinery.
Are only used in mountainous terrain.
Are the main cause of erosion in a forest.
Should be installed at appropriate intervals to disperse water collected in the road side ditches.
Should be installed at appropriate intervals to disperse water collected in the road side ditches.
Wetlands can be drained without permission.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Wetlands fall under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
A permit of the Army Corps of Engineers is required for “normal” silvicultural activities in compliance with federal BMPs.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
A permit of the Army Corps of Engineers is required if the activity results in the immediate or gradual conversion of a wetland to an upland.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
A permit of the Army Corps of Engineers is required if the activity results in a change from the past, historical use of the wetland into a different use to which it was not previously subject.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
The use of herbicides is not permitted in a wetland.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Mechanical site preparation should be excluded from soils with slopes greater than
25%
35%
20%
45%
25%
Mechanical site preparation: Bedding should be done
On slopes >5% along the contour and on slopes <5% following natural drainage of the land.
On slopes >2% along the contour and on slopes <2% following natural drainage of the land.
On slopes <5% along the contour and on slopes >5% following natural drainage of the land.
On slopes <2% along the contour and on slopes >2% following natural drainage of the land.
On slopes >2% along the contour and on slopes <2% following natural drainage of the land.
Disking should be done
Following the contour and restricted to slopes <30%.
Following the contour and restricted to slopes <20%.
Following the natural drainage and restricted to slopes <20%.
Following the contour and restricted to slopes <10%.
Following the contour and restricted to slopes <10%.
The sizing of a culvert diameter depends on:
The region and the drainage area.
The drainage area.
The aquatic organisms in that eco-region.
The region.
The region and the drainage area.
When can a perennial or intermittent stream be crossed without providing a normal passage for water or aquatic animals within the channel?
Only during droughts.
Only during the winter.
At no time.
Always.
At no time.
Stream crossings according to the Alabama’s Best Management Practices for Forestry include:
Log crossings, fords, and culverts.
Fords and log crossings.
Fords and culverts.
Culverts.
Log crossings, fords, and culverts.
When the logging operation is complete …
Log crossings can remain in place becasue they degrade over time.
all log crossings must be removed.
Log crossings have to be converted to permanent fords.
Log crossings can remain in place for later logging use.
all log crossings must be removed.
Culverts should extent at least …
One foot beyond the fill on either end.
One foot beyond the fill upstream.
One foot beyond the fill upstream and two feet beyond the fill downstream.
One foot beyond the fill downstream.
One foot beyond the fill on either end.
Culverts should be installed …
Leveled.
With a 2-3% pitch downstream for self-cleaning.
In an upright position to maximize drainage.
With a pitch upstream to create a pool and additional habitat.
With a 2-3% pitch downstream for self-cleaning.
What is the minimum width of a steamside management zone?
20 feet
35 feet
50 feet
10 feet
35 feet
A perennial stream …
only exists for a short period following precipitation or snowmelt.
flows underground.
flows all year round during years of normal rainfall.
flows for part of the year.
flows all year round during years of normal rainfall.
An ephemeral stream …
flows for part of the year.
only exists for a short period following precipitation or snowmelt.
flows all year round during years of normal rainfall.
flows underground.
only exists for a short period following precipitation or snowmelt.
An intermittent stream …
flows underground.
flows for part of the year.
flows all year-round during years of normal rainfall.
only exists for a short period following precipitation or snowmelt.
flows for part of the year.
In what order do you find these streams in a landscape?
A perennial stream flows into an intermittent stream, which flows into an ephemeral stream.
An ephemeral stream flows into an intermittent stream, which flows into a perennial stream.
An intermittent stream flows into an ephemeral stream, which flows into a perennial stream.
A perennial stream flows into an ephemeral stream, which flows into an intermittent stream.
An ephemeral stream flows into an intermittent stream, which flows into a perennial stream.
To improve shading in a Streamside Management Zone, trees in which direction of the stream should be maintained?
To the north and to the south.
To the south and to the west.
To the north.
To the north and to the east.
To the south and to the west.
Erosion Control Blanket: Which of the folling provides only the minimum amount of erosion resistance?
Biodegradable Erosion Control Blanket
Permanent Erosion Control Blanket
Turf Reinforment Mat
Netting
Netting
Inlet protection is a practice of …
Runoff conveyance
Site preparation
Sediment Control
Surface stabilization
Sediment Control
Which cross-sectional grass swale shapes are common?
Parabolic and triangular.
Round.
Triangular, parabolic, or trapezoidal.
Trapezoidal.
Triangular, parabolic, or trapezoidal.
When mulching a sloped area …
A properly anchored erosion control blanket to keep the mulch in place.
A special permit is required.
Only straw must be used.
Only HECPs are permitted.
A properly anchored erosion control blanket to keep the mulch in place.
Topsoiling is a practice of …
Surface stabilization
Site preparation
Sediment Control
Runoff conveyance
Site preparation
Check dams: When is it necessary to excavate a shallow keyway across a channel?
In every check dam installation.
Never.
In compacted soils only.
In highly erosive soil conditions.
In highly erosive soil conditions.
The minium aggregate depth of a construction exit bad is:
12 inches
9 inches
3 inches
6 inches
6 inches
Sodding is a practice of …
Surface stabilization
Sediment Control
Site preparation
Runoff conveyance
Surface stabilization
Chemical Stabilization: Applying products like polyacrylamide (PAM) near natural water bodies …:
can improve receiving water quality.
is prohibited by the Clean Water Act.
requires the establishment of a buffer zone.
requires the establishment of a buffer zone.
Which 24-hour design storm criteria is typically used for permanent diversions?
2 to 5-year
100-year
10 to 50-year
10 to 100-year
10 to 50-year
Preservation of Vegetation: Site clearing should never be closer than
5 feet to a branch of a tree.
5 feet to the trunk of a tree.
50 feet to the trunk of a tree.
15 feet to the trunk of a tree.
5 feet to the trunk of a tree.
How is water from a sediment basin discharged under normal operating conditions?
Through a floating skimmer
It is not discharged, it is infiltrated
Through the storm drain
Through the spillway
Through a floating skimmer
Which 24-hour design storm criteria is typically used for temporary diversions on construction sites?
10 to 50-year
100-year
10 to 100-year
2 to 5-year
2 to 5-year
A favorable pH range for plant growth is usually:
4.0-8.0
7.0-8.0
6.0-6.5
6.0-7.5
6.0-6.5
Check dams are used for drainage areas of
5 acres or less.
1 acre or less.
1 acre and more.
10 acres or less.
1 acre or less.
Retaining wall is a practice of …
Site preparation
Sediment Control
Runoff conveyance
Surface stabilization
Surface stabilization
What is the proper seedbed preparation for permanent seeding?
Tillage to a depth of 6 inches, application of lime and fertilizer.
Tillage to a depth of 6 inches, application of fertilizer.
Tillage to a depth of 6 inches.
Tillage to a depth of 6 inches, application of lime.
Tillage to a depth of 6 inches, application of lime and fertilizer.
Erosion control blanket is a practice of …
Surface stabilization
Site preparation
Sediment Control
Runoff conveyance
Surface stabilization
Chemical stabilization is a practice of …
Sediment Control
Runoff conveyance
Site preparation
Surface stabilization
Surface stabilization
Floating turbidity barrier is a practice of …
Runoff conveyance
Site preparation
Surface stabilization
Sediment Control
Sediment Control
Floating turbidity barrier is a practice of …
Runoff conveyance
Site preparation
Surface stabilization
Sediment Control
Sediment Control
Filter strip is a practice of …
Surface stabilization
Site preparation
Sediment Control
Runoff conveyance
Sediment Control
Flocculants have to be used together with which best management practice?
Floating Turbidity Barrier.
Mulching.
Sediment Barrier.
Sediment Basin.
Sediment Basin.
Check dams have to be lined with
Straw.
Erosion control blankets.
Woven geotextile.
Non-woven geotextile.
Non-woven geotextile.
Preservation of vegetation is a practice of …
Site preparation
Runoff conveyance
Surface stabilization
Sediment Control
Surface stabilization
In a seeded area, what percentage of the ground surface should be visible after mulching?
30%
50%
5%
25%
25%
Mulching is a practice of …
Runoff conveyance
Surface stabilization
Site preparation
Sediment Control
Surface stabilization
Check dams can be build as:
rock, wattle, silt fence, or sand bag check dam.
rock, silt fence, or sand bag check dam.
rock, wattle, or sand bag check dam.
wattle, silt fence, or sand bag check dam.
rock, wattle, silt fence, or sand bag check dam.
Check dam is a practice of …
Runoff conveyance
Sediment Control
Surface stabilization
Site preparation
Runoff conveyance
Rock check dams should be installed with side slopes
2:1 or steeper.
1:2 or steeper.
2:1 or flatter.
1:2 or flatter.
2:1 or flatter.
Permanent seeding is a practice of …
Runoff conveyance
Sediment Control
Site preparation
Surface stabilization
Surface stabilization
Check dams
Reduce turbidity.
Improve infiltration capacities.
Reduce runoff.
Reduce channel erosion.
Reduce channel erosion.
Erosion Control Blanket: Which of the following provides erosion protection for 1 to 5 years?
Netting
Biodegradable Erosion Control Blanket
Permanent Erosion Control Blanket
Turf Reinforcement Mat
Biodegradable Erosion Control Blanket
Construction exit pad is a practice of …
Sediment Control
Runoff conveyance
Surface stabilization
Site preparation
Site preparation