Key Words Flashcards
Introspection
The examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes.
What is wundt’s scientific method for psychology
Wundt’s new scientific approach was based of two major assumptions:
All behaviour is seen as being caused (determined)
If behaviour is determined, then it should be possible to predict how human beings would behave in different conditions (predictability)
Strengths of the scientific approach to psychology
Knowledge gained using scientific methods are more than just the passive acceptance of facts.
Causes of behaviour can be established through the use of methods that are empirical and replicable.
Scientific knowledge is self-corrective meaning that it can be refined or abandoned (theories and hypothesis)
Weaknesses with the scientific approach to psychology
Scientific psychologists create contrived situations that create artificial behaviours.
A lot of the subject matter of psychology is unobservable, therefore cannot be measured with any degree of accuracy.
Not all psychologists share the View that human behaviour can be explored through scientific methods
Id
the part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes are manifest.
Ego
the part of the mind that mediates between the conscious and the unconscious and is responsible for reality testing and a sense of personal identity.
Superego
the part of a person’s mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers.
Defence mechanism
repression, denial, displacement, projection, and intellectualisation are used unconsciously to reduce anxiety.
Unconscious
the primitive, instinctual wishes as well as the information that we cannot access.
Free will
The notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external forces
Self- actualisation
The desire to grow biologically and fulfil one’s full potential- becoming what you are capable of
Hierarchy of needs
A five-levelled hierarchical sequence in which basic needs (such as hunger) must be satisfied before higher psychological needs (such as esteem and self actualisation) can be achieved
Self
The ideas an values that characterise ‘I’ and ‘me’ and includes perception and valuing of ‘what I am’ and ‘what I can do’.
Congruence
The aim of rogerian therapy: when the self-concept and ideal self are seen broadly accord or match.
Conditions of worth
When a parent values limits or boundaries on their love of their children; for instance, a parent saying to a child. ‘I will only love you if you study medicine’.
Reciprocity
Taking turn /exchange interaction
Interaction synchrony
Performing action simultaneously
Ambiguity
Unclear nature of a finding in a study
Multiple attachment
Bond with figures such as father, grandparent, sibling
