key words Flashcards
what is a hazard?
A hazard is a potential threat to human life and property caused by a natural event.
Becomes a disaster if there is significant damage to property and vulnerable population as seen in the degg model
what are the three major types of geographical hazard:
● Geophysical
hazards caused by land processes, majorly tectonic plates (e.g. volcanoes)
● Atmospheric
hazards caused by atmospheric processes and the conditions created because of these, such as weather systems (e.g. wildfires)
● Hydrological
hazards caused by water bodies and movement (e.g. floods)
responses to hazards
define fatalism
The belief that hazards are uncontrollable, so any losses should be accepted and mitigation is unnecessary.
its a PASSIVE response to hazards
what are some ACTIVE ways to respond to a hazard?
prediction
adaptation
mitigation
planning
what is the Asthenosphere
The upper mantle layer of the Earth. It is semi-molten and approximately 2000km wide.
describe the points in the Hazard Management Cycle
The sequence of governance of a natural hazard: preparedness,
response,
recovery,
mitigation.
what is the Lithosphere
The upper crust of the Earth
(average thickness = 100km).
what is the Park
time scale
A model describing the decline and recovery of a country over time, following a natural disaster.
Gives insight into the QUALITY OF LIFE
what is Slab Pull
Slab Pull - The force contributing to the movement of tectonic plates. Slab pull is due to the weight of the plate.
general trends of hazrd
high frequency, low magnitude HOWEVER
> climate change has seen the increase infrequency and intensity of wildfires and tropical storms alike
evaluate the effectiveness of the models …
● Can they be applied to every hazard?
● Does the model take any aspects of hazards into account such as level of development?
● Is there any timeframe? Do the models accurately lay out the time taken for a full response and how this changes due to aspects of the hazard such as intensity?
● Could the model be less vague/ include more steps that can be applied to all hazards?
● Does the model present hazards currently? Are there any alterations that could be made to account for hazards affected by climate change? Will the model eventually not represent human responses at the time (e.g. could the cycle stop because hazards will
occur more frequently than the mitigation strategies will occur)?
how is a rift valley formed?
Tectonic processes lead to the divergence of plates.
As the plates pull apart, the land collapses leading to a
depression in the land.
what is a nuee ardente?
A glowing, superheated mass of gas, ash and dust which
is emitted from a volcano. It moves at great speed and is
associated with mass casualties where it strikes
settlements.
outline causes of a storm surge
- Storm surges are a product of extreme low pressure weather and associated with Tropical Storms
- When low pressure combines with a high tide and strong onshore winds, the storm surge conditions are created
- Strong winds blowing across the water which can create funneling of water, increasing height of oncoming waves
mini example of resilience
> seimic hazards
japan suffres from many seismic event in the past
being a HiC it has been able to recover well and mitigate against future ones due to its physical location along the pacific ring of fire - known for active seimic activity
nationally recognised Earthquake Preparedness day on 1st september where drills are implemented across schools and work places
have aseimic buildings too
