Key Words

Question 1

what is infrastructure?

Answer 1

services essential to enhance/enable living conditions neccessary fo the locale of place.

Question 2

examples of infrastructure

Answer 2

built environment
services - water, energy, transport, sewage/sanitation
communications - landlines, broadband (more interconnection)
social - schools, parks, housing, goverment (law)

Question 3

how could infrastructure affect lived experience?

Answer 3

positive : using brownfield sites, rebranding areas, quality of life
negative : rural to urban areas, more conjestion, environmental impacts, increasing house prices/ premiums

Question 4

name examples of demographic characteristics

Answer 4

Age, gender, number, ethnicity of the population

people have different INDIVIDUAL perception of place

Question 5

name examples of cultural characteristics

Answer 5

affects peoples beliefs, religion affecting the built enviroment.
language/dialects , food, gestures
can make areas more diverse

Question 6

what are some impacts of having diverse culture/ multiculturalism?

Answer 6

cultural assimilation (ok gesture is now widely seen as a form of approval)
diasphoras forming
conflict/ xenophobia leading to prejudice issues

Question 7

what is an Endogenous Factor?

Answer 7

• Factors based on local characteristics or perspective originating from inside the place.

Question 8

examples of endogenous factors

Answer 8

●Land Use
●Topography/ relief of the land
●Physical Geography - natural physical features (waterfall, estuary)
● Infrastructure - built Environment The architecture of the area. Contemporary, ageing, historical
● Demographic Characteristics
● Location

Question 9

what is an Exogenous Factor?

THE FLOWS

Answer 9

Those which originate from outside a place and provide linkages and relationships with and to other places.

Over time, endogenous factors will be shaped by the changing flows of exogenous factors.

Question 10

what are Experienced Places?

Answer 10

Locations a person has visited in their lifetime

they have gained a sense of place to that area

Question 11

what are Far Places?

Answer 11

Places that feel distant, physically or emotionally.

spacially transport may be able to alter perceptions

Question 12

define Gentrification

Answer 12

Renovation of older/deteriorating buildings or areas with the aim of attracting high-income individuals or elite businesses to a place.

Question 13

define identity

Answer 13

how they view selves and others. shaped by homeland and is dynamic (by experiences)

Question 14

define the term Insiders

Answer 14

feel they belong in the place. understand the social norms

Question 15

define the term outsiders

Answer 15

feel excluded from place/ don’t belong

Question 16

what is meant by the locale of a place?

Answer 16

function of the place often forming the social contructs and stereotypes around the place
e.g. behaving quieter in a library than a theatre

Question 17

explain what a near place is

Answer 17

person feels spacially/emotionally close too

Question 18

define regeneration

Answer 18

improvement in :economic,social,environamental

Question 19

define place

Answer 19

space with a meaning/locale

has a developing/dynamic character

Question 20

what is placelessness?

Answer 20

lacking unique feature (homogenisation)

-airports, high streets

Question 21

define sense of place/place meaning

Answer 21

individuals SUBJECTIVE (emotional attachment) to place
changes on the indiviuals experience
> view the place as a tourist destination
> view as a place of work, not leisure
can be both positve and negative so CONTRASTING

Question 22

what are Media Places

Answer 22

Places an individual hasn’t visited but has a reputation based from media representation.
can be abstract (books) or formal (news)

Question 23

define Rebranding

Answer 23

Creating a new look or reputation for an area

formation of HUBS of activity

Question 24

how has infrastructure affected birmingham?

Answer 24

decline in manufacturing industry has led to urban deprivation
> high unemployment of 26% due to structural unemployment
> inequalities in housing, often unaffordable/not enough
> by 2026 city needs 30,000 more new homes
> more urban sprawl onto greenfield rather than brownfield