Key Words Flashcards
Alleles
Different versions of the same genes
Asexual Reproduction
When a new individual is produced from just one parent
Chromosomes
Long, thin, threadlike structures found in the nucleus of a cell. 1 chromosome = 1 molecule of DNA - contains genes on it.
Clones
A new cell or individual that is identical genes to its parent
Cystic Fibrosis
Inherited disorder caused by a recessive allele
DNA
Chemical that makes up chromosomes - carries the genetic code
Dominant
The stronger allele - characteristic will show even if the recessive allele is present
Ethics
Concerned with what is right or wrong
False Negative
A result that shows the person does not have a medical condition, however they do
False Positive
A result that shows the person does have a medical condition, however they don’t
Gametes
Terminology for sex cells - sperm and egg
Genetic Screening
Testing a population for a particular allele
Genetic Testing
Testing for certain genetic traits
Genotype
A description of the alleles an organism has e.g. Hh
Heterozygous
Two different alleles e.g. Bb
Homozygous
Two same alleles e.g. BB
PGD
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis: type of embryo selection
Phenotype
The characteristics that an organism shows e.g. Brown Eyes
Recessive
Weaker allele - only show if both copies of the recessive allele are present
Sexual Reproduction
Sex cells fuse together to form a zygote which develops into a embryo
Specialised Cells
A cell that carries out only specific tasks or one job
Stem Cells
Unspecialised animal cells that can form into any kind of cell that is needed - they divide via mitosis
Unspecialised Cells
Cells that have not yet developed - happens before the 8 cell stage - all cells are unspecialised
XX & XY
Chromosomes for females and males