Key Words

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Different versions of the same genes

Question 2

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 2

When a new individual is produced from just one parent

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Long, thin, threadlike structures found in the nucleus of a cell. 1 chromosome = 1 molecule of DNA - contains genes on it.

Question 4

Clones

Answer 4

A new cell or individual that is identical genes to its parent

Question 5

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 5

Inherited disorder caused by a recessive allele

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Chemical that makes up chromosomes - carries the genetic code

Question 7

Dominant

Answer 7

The stronger allele - characteristic will show even if the recessive allele is present

Question 8

Ethics

Answer 8

Concerned with what is right or wrong

Question 9

False Negative

Answer 9

A result that shows the person does not have a medical condition, however they do

Question 10

False Positive

Answer 10

A result that shows the person does have a medical condition, however they don’t

Question 11

Gametes

Answer 11

Terminology for sex cells - sperm and egg

Question 12

Genetic Screening

Answer 12

Testing a population for a particular allele

Question 13

Genetic Testing

Answer 13

Testing for certain genetic traits

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

A description of the alleles an organism has e.g. Hh

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Two different alleles e.g. Bb

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

Two same alleles e.g. BB

Question 17

PGD

Answer 17

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis: type of embryo selection

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

The characteristics that an organism shows e.g. Brown Eyes

Question 19

Recessive

Answer 19

Weaker allele - only show if both copies of the recessive allele are present

Question 20

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 20

Sex cells fuse together to form a zygote which develops into a embryo

Question 21

Specialised Cells

Answer 21

A cell that carries out only specific tasks or one job

Question 22

Stem Cells

Answer 22

Unspecialised animal cells that can form into any kind of cell that is needed - they divide via mitosis

Question 23

Unspecialised Cells

Answer 23

Cells that have not yet developed - happens before the 8 cell stage - all cells are unspecialised

Question 24

XX & XY

Answer 24

Chromosomes for females and males

Question 25

Y determining region

Answer 25

Found in the Y chromosome - triggers the development of excessive androgen - making the baby a male.

Question 26

Zygote

Answer 26

Cell formed by the fertilisation of an egg.