B1-4 How is a clone made? Flashcards
What does SEXUAL reproduction produce?
Offspring that are genetically different
What does ASEXUAL reproduction produce?
This forms clones - genetically identical offspring to their parents.
What reproduces asexually?
Bacteria, some plants & some animals
How do they do this?
They simply divide into two - meaning that like bacteria, they divide quickly.
How else can a natural clone be born?
When the embryo splits into two - two separate embryos containing the exact same genetic information.
How can clones be different?
The environment can affect things about them.
How do clones of plants occur?
Naturally, when the produce bulbs or runners.
What is the process of artificial cloning?
- Nucleus is removed from egg cell of sheep.
- Nucleus from body cell (another sheep) is taken and put into the egg.
- The cell is stimulated so it grows and divides like a normal embryo.
4 The embryo produced is genetically identical to the donor cell.
Most cells in our body are …………..?
Specialised
What does it mean if a cell is specialised?
This means that it is bound to a specific role/job e.g. white blood cells are good fighters but cannot carry oxygen like red blood cells.
When do these cells become specialised?
In the early development of the organism
What are the two types of stem cells?
Embryonic and Adult stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells can ………….?
Turn into ANY cell type - this is fascinating for doctors and they use them for ‘Stem Cell Research’.
Stem Cell Research
Stem cells are removed from the embryo, then the embryo is destroyed. - People object to this as they think it is unethical and ‘playing god’.
What can this help with?
These can help treat many illnesses as they can turn into nerve cells, muscle cells, even WHOLE ORGANS - such as ‘beating heart cells’ for people with heart disease.
