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key words Flashcards

1
Q

acceleration

A

change of velocity per unit time

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2
Q

acceleration of free fall

A

acceleration of an object acted on only by the force of gravity

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3
Q

accurate

A

a measurement that is obtained, using calibrated instruments correctly

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4
Q

accuracy

A

how close a measurement or answer is to the true value

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5
Q

alpha radiation

A

particles that each consist of two protons and two neutrons

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6
Q

amplitude

A

maximum displacement of a vibrating particle.

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7
Q

annihilation

A

when a particle and its antiparticle meet, they destroy each other and become radiation

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8
Q

antibaryon

A

a hardon consisting of three antiquarks

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9
Q

antimatter

A

antiparticles that each has the same rest mass and, if charged, have an equal and opposite charge to the corresponding particle

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10
Q

antimuon

A

the antiparticle of the muon

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11
Q

antineutrino

A

the antiparticle of the neutrino

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12
Q

antinode

A

fixed point in a stationary wave pattern where the amplitude is a maximum

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13
Q

antiparticle

A

there is an antiparticle for every type of particle

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14
Q

antiquark

A

antiparticle of a quark

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15
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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16
Q

baryon

A

a hardon consisting of three quarks

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17
Q

base units

A

the units that define the SI system

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18
Q

beta radiation

A

B- particles are fast-moving electrons emitted by unstable neutron-rich nuclei or by free neutrons when they decay

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19
Q

braking distance

A

the distance travelled by a vehicle in the time taken to stop it

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20
Q

breaking stress

A

ultimate tensile stress

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21
Q

brittle

A

snaps without stretching or bending when subject to stress

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22
Q

centre of mass

A

the centre of mass of a body has no turning effect

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23
Q

charge carriers

A

charged particles that move through a substance when a pd is applied across it

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24
Q

circuit rule current

A
  1. current passing through two or more components in series

2. at a junction its split

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25
curcuit rules pd
1. two or more components in series, the total pd across all the components is equal to the sum of pd across each components 2 the sum of the emfs around a complete loop in a curcuuit= the sum of the pds round the loop
26
coherent
two sources of waves are coherent if they emit waves with a constant phase difference
27
conservation rules
conversion of energy, momentum, charge, baryon number and lepton number
28
couple
pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body but not along the same line
29
critical angle
the angle of incidence of a light ray must exceed the critical angle for total internal reflection to occur
30
critical temperature of a superconducting material
temperature at and below which its resistivity is zero
31
cycle
interval for a vibrating particle from a certain displacement and velocity to the next time the particle that has the same displacement and velocity
32
de Broglie hypothesis
matter particle have a wave-like nature characterised by the de Broglie wavelength
33
de Broglie wavelength
the wavelength of a matter particle= h/p
34
de-excitation
process in which an atom loses energy by photon emission, as a result of an electron inside an atom moving from an outer shell to an inner shell
35
density of a substance
mass per unit volume of the substance
36
diffraction
spreading of waves on passing through a gap or near an edge
37
diffraction grating
a plate with many closely rules parallel slits on it
38
dispersion
splitting of a beam of white light by a glass prism into colour
39
displacement
distance in a given direction
40
drag force
the force of fluid resistance on an object moving through the fluid
41
ductile
stretches easily without breaking
42
efficiency
the ratio of useful energy transferred by a machine or device to the energy supplied to it
43
effort
the force applied to a machine to make it move
44
elastic limit
point beyond which a wire is permanently streched
45
elasticity
property of a solid that enables it to regain its shape after it has been deformed or distorted
46
electrolysis
process of electrical conduction in a solution or molten compound due to ions moving to the oppositely charged electrode
47
electrolyte
a solution or molten compound that conducts electricity
48
electromagnetic interaction
interaction between two charged objects
49
electromagnetic wave
a wavepacket or photon consisting of transverse electric and magnetic waves in phase at right angles
50
EMF (electromotive force)
the amount of electrical energy per unit charge produced inside a source of electrical energy
51
electron capture
process in which an inner-shell electron of an atom is captured by the nucleus
52
electron volt
amount of energy equal to 1J defined as the work done when an electron is moved through a pd of 1V
53
endoscope
optical fibre device used to see inside cavities
54
energy
the capacity to do work
55
energy levels
the energy of an electron in an electron shell of an atom
56
equilibrium
state of an object when at rest or in uniform motion
57
error bar
representation of an uncertainty on a graph
58
error of measurement
uncertainty of a measurement
59
exitication
process in which an atom absorbs energy without becoming ionised as a result of an electron inside an atom moving from an inner shell to the outer shell
60
first harmonic
pattern of stationary waves on a string when it vibrates at its lowest possible frequnecy
61
fluorscene
glow of light from a substance exposed to ultaviolet radiation
62
force
any interaction that can change the velocity of an object
63
free body force diagram
a diagram of an object showing only the forces actong on the object
64
frequency
the number of cycle of a wave that pass a point per second
65
friction
force opposing the motion of a surface that moves or tries to move across another surface
66
gamma radation
high-energy photons emitted by unstable nuclei or produced in particle annihilations
67
gravitional field strength
force of gravity per unit mass on a small object
68
ground state
lowest energy state of an atom
69
hardon
particles and antiparticles that can interact through the strong interaction
70
hooke's law
the extension of a spring is proportional to the force needed to extend it
71
inertia
resistance of an object to change of its motion
72
interfernce
formation of points of cancellation and reinforcement where two coherent waves pass through each other
73
internal resistance
resistance inside a source of electrical energy
74
ion
a charged atom
75
ionsation
process of creating ions
76
isotopes
atoms of an element with different number of neutrons and same number of protons

Physics (18 decks)

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