1 Matter and radiation Flashcards
nucleon
neutron and proton in the nucleus
isotope
atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons
nuclide
a type of nucleus with a particular number of protons and neutrons
atoms
proton = charge 1.6 x 10-19
mass 1.67x10-27
neuton= charge 0
mass 1.67x10-27
electron = charge -1.6x10-19
mass 9.11x10-31
specific charge
mass
the electron has the biggest specific charge
the strong nuclear force
repels 0-0.5 fm (so the nucleus doesn’t merge together)
attract 0.5-4 fm
alpha radiation
2 protons and 2 neutrons
beta radiation
1 electron
photons
packet of electromagnetic waves
power of beam = nhf
made up of an electric field and a magnetic field at 90 degrees to each other
electron volts
energy requires accelerating an electron through a pd of 1V
1eV = 1.6x10-19 1MeV = 1.6x10-13
particle and antiparticle
they have the same mass
annihilation
particle + antiparticle = 2 photons
pair production
photons = particle + antiparticle
(B+ decay)
proton
neutron
W+
B+
V(neutrino)
(B- decay)
neutron
proton B- W- _ V
Proton and antineutrino
_
p and V
W+
neutron
B+
Neutron and Neutrino
N and V
W-
P
B-
two protons
P and P
Y
P
P
electron capture
P and e-
N
V
W+
electromagnetic wave
a wavepacket or photon consisting of transverse waves electric and magnetic waves in phase and at right angles to each other
photoelectric effect
emission of electrons from a metal surface when the surface is illuminated by light of frequency greater than a minimum value known was the threshold frequency
theshold frequency
minimum frequency of light that can cause photoelectric effect
brain imaging
-gamma radiation is used
used on people like stoke patients
T = tomography
How was a neutrino found?
Existence of the neutrino was hypothesised to account for the conversion of energy in beta decay
