1 Matter and radiation

Question 1

nucleon

Answer 1

neutron and proton in the nucleus

Question 2

isotope

Answer 2

atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons

Question 3

nuclide

Answer 3

a type of nucleus with a particular number of protons and neutrons

Question 4

atoms

Answer 4

proton = charge 1.6 x 10-19
mass 1.67x10-27

neuton= charge 0
mass 1.67x10-27

electron = charge -1.6x10-19
mass 9.11x10-31

Question 5

specific charge

Answer 5

mass

the electron has the biggest specific charge

Question 6

the strong nuclear force

Answer 6

repels 0-0.5 fm (so the nucleus doesn’t merge together)

attract 0.5-4 fm

Question 7

alpha radiation

Answer 7

2 protons and 2 neutrons

Question 8

beta radiation

Answer 8

1 electron

Question 9

photons

Answer 9

packet of electromagnetic waves

power of beam = nhf

made up of an electric field and a magnetic field at 90 degrees to each other

Question 10

electron volts

Answer 10

energy requires accelerating an electron through a pd of 1V

1eV = 1.6x10-19
1MeV = 1.6x10-13

Question 11

particle and antiparticle

Answer 11

they have the same mass

Question 12

annihilation

Answer 12

particle + antiparticle = 2 photons

Question 13

pair production

Answer 13

photons = particle + antiparticle

Question 14

(B+ decay)

proton

Answer 14

neutron
W+
B+
V(neutrino)

Question 15

(B- decay)

neutron

Answer 15

proton 
B-
W-
_
V

Question 16

Proton and antineutrino
_
p and V

Answer 16

W+
neutron
B+

Question 17

Neutron and Neutrino

N and V

Answer 17

W-
P
B-

Question 18

two protons

P and P

Answer 18

Y
P
P

Question 19

electron capture

P and e-

Answer 19

N
V
W+

Question 20

electromagnetic wave

Answer 20

a wavepacket or photon consisting of transverse waves electric and magnetic waves in phase and at right angles to each other

Question 21

photoelectric effect

Answer 21

emission of electrons from a metal surface when the surface is illuminated by light of frequency greater than a minimum value known was the threshold frequency

Question 22

theshold frequency

Answer 22

minimum frequency of light that can cause photoelectric effect

Question 23

brain imaging

Answer 23

-gamma radiation is used
used on people like stoke patients
T = tomography

Question 24

How was a neutrino found?

Answer 24

Existence of the neutrino was hypothesised to account for the conversion of energy in beta decay

Question 25

Particles and antiparticles

Answer 25

Every type of particle, there is corresponding antiparticle

Question 26

Photon energy

Answer 26

E = hf = hc /λ