Key Words

Question 1

Threshold population

Answer 1

the minimum number of people necessary before a particular good or service

Question 2

Rural settlement

Answer 2

in the UK, this is defined as a settlement characterised by a small population, low population densities and primary industries.

Question 3

Catchment area

Answer 3

the area from which people travel to obtain a particular service or product, such as the area from which a school draws its pupils. Catchment areas are also known as spheres of influence, hinterlands or urban fields.

Question 4

High order goods

Answer 4

comparison goods such as electrical goods and furniture that the shopper will buy only after making a comparison between various models and different shops. A high threshold population is needed to sustain a shop selling comparison goods, and people are prepared to travel some distance (range) to obtain the goods.

Question 5

Low order goods

Answer 5

goods that are purchased frequently, such as milk or bread. People are not prepared to travel far to buy a convenience good and there is no real saving in shopping around. The extra cost of ‘shopping around’ outweighs any savings that can be made.

Question 6

Range

Answer 6

the distance that people are prepared to travel to obtain a good or service.

Question 7

Dormitory settlements

Answer 7

a settlements in which people live (sleep) but do not work. It is also a called a commuter settlement.

Question 8

Resettlement

Answer 8

a process carried out by the former South African government in which certain population groups (notably indigenous) were forcibly removed form their homes and relocated elsewhere - often hundreds of kilometres away.

Question 9

Xhosa

Answer 9

The name given to one of South Africa’s most populous black tribes and to their language.

Question 10

Secondary activities

Answer 10

Manufacturing industries which convert raw materials into finished and semi-finished goods.

Question 11

Tertiary activities

Answer 11

services which include educational, health, financial, retail and all activities that are not manufacturing, primary (fishing, forestry, farming and mining) and quaternary (research ad development.

Question 12

Per capita

Answer 12

Per head of population

Question 13

Tenure

Answer 13

The rights that people have on their land; for example, ownership or rental.

Question 14

Informal sector

Answer 14

the untaxed, unregulated sector of the economy - often called the ‘black market’ in the UK.

Question 15

Bilharzia

Answer 15

Also known as schistosome worm into humans, via the feet in stagnant water, and their subsequent migration to growth in the human bladder.

Question 16

Counterurbanisation

Answer 16

an increase in the population of smaller settlements such as villages and towns. It involves migration from larger urban settlements to smaller ones.

Question 17

Dormitory settlement

Answer 17

a rural settlement that has a high proportion of commuters.

Question 18

Commuter settlement

Answer 18

A settlement in which people live but don’t work.

Question 19

Suburbanised village

Answer 19

a settlement where there has been recent growth changing its character form primarily farming orientated to residential with the majority working in nearby towns.

Question 20

Greenfield site

Answer 20

an undeveloped site usually on the edge of an urban area or in a rural area.

Question 21

Brownfield site

Answer 21

a derelict inner-city site, usually the site of former industrial activity.

Question 22

Industrialisation

Answer 22

the growth of manufacturing industry in an area.

Question 23

Apartheid

Answer 23

a form of separate development for different races, which allocated different areas at a national urban and local scale for different population groups. It was a form of racial capitalism.

Question 24

Homelands

Answer 24

territory that was set aside for the indigenous inhabitants of south Africa as part of a policy of Apartheid.

Question 25

Human development index

Answer 25

a composite measure of developed comprising life expectancy, purchasing power parity (gross national income at local purchasing price and levels of literacy).

Question 26

Antenatal prevalence rate

Answer 26

the prevalence (predominance in an area) rate in unborn children.

Question 27

Eutrophication

Answer 27

growth of algae as a result of fertiliser leaching from farmland.

Question 28

Guided Transit Express (GTE) system

Answer 28

a tram system operating on a predetermined course.

Question 29

Matric

Answer 29

A formal South African school qualification taken at age 18.

Question 30

Broilers

Answer 30

Broiler chickens (often refereed to as ‘broilers’) have been selectively bred and bread for their meat rather than their eggs.