Key Words 2

Question 1

Abiotic Condition

Answer 1

A non-living feature of an ecosystem

Question 2

Abundance

Answer 2

The number of individuals of one species in a particular area

Question 3

Accurate result

Answer 3

A result that is really close to the true answer

Question 4

Acetylation

Answer 4

Attachment of an acetyl group to something

Question 5

Acetylcholine ACh

Answer 5

A type of neurotransmitter that bind to cholinergic receptors

Question 6

Acetyl coenzyme

Answer 6

A type of coenzyme involves in respiration. It transfers acetate form one molecule to a doer

Question 7

Acquired mutation

Answer 7

A mutation you develop during your lifetime

Question 8

Actin

Answer 8

The thin myofilament protein in muscle fibres

Question 9

Actin-myosin cross bridge

Answer 9

The bond formed when a myosin head binds to an actin filament

Question 10

Activator

Answer 10

A transcription factor that increases the rate of respiration

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

Movement of molecules and ions across plasma membranes, usually against a concentration gradient. Requires energy.

Question 12

Adaption

Answer 12

A feature that increases an individual’s chance of survival and reproduction

Question 13

ADP

Answer 13

a molecule made up of adenine, a ribose sugar and two phosphate groups. ATP is synthesised from ADP and a phosphate group

Question 14

Adrenaline

Answer 14

A hormone secreted from the adrenal glands that has many effects, including increasing the blood glucose concentration

Question 15

Allele

Answer 15

one or more alternative versions of the same gene

Question 16

Allele frequency

Answer 16

How often an allele occurs in a population

Question 17

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 17

Where speciation occurs as a result of geographic isolation

Question 18

Ammonification

Answer 18

The process in which nitrogen compounds from dead organisms or waste materials are turned into ammonia compounds by saprobionts

Question 19

Anomalous result

Answer 19

A result that falls outside the range of values you’d expect or any patter you already have

Question 20

Antidiuretic Hormone ADH

Answer 20

A hormone that regulates the water potential of the blood by controlling the permeability of the cells of distal convoluted tubule an the collecting in the kidney

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

A molecule made up of adenine a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups. It is the immediate source of energy in a cell.

Question 22

ATP Hydrolase

Answer 22

An enzyme that catalyse the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi

Question 23

ATP-phosphocreatine (PCr) system

Answer 23

A system that generates ATP very quickly by phosphorylating ADP using a phosphate group from phosphocreatine

Question 24

ATP synthase

Answer 24

An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of ATP form ADP and Pi

Question 25

Atrioventricular node (AVN)

Answer 25

A group of cells in the heart that is responsible for passing waves of electrical activity from the SAN on the bundle of His

Question 26

Autonomic nervous sytem

Answer 26

A division of the peripheral nervous system that controls unconscious activities, e.g. heart rate

Question 27

Autosomal linkage

Answer 27

When two genes are located on the same autosome and are inherited by the offspring together

Question 28

Autosome

Answer 28

A chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome

Question 29

Benign tumour

Answer 29

A non cancerous tumour

Question 30

Bias

Answer 30

When someone intentionally or unintentionally favours a particular result

Question 31

Biomass

Answer 31

The mass of living material in an organism

Question 32

Biotic condition

Answer 32

A living feature of an organism

Question 33

Bundle of His

Answer 33

A group of muscle fibres in the heart, responsible for conducting waves of electrical activity from the AVN to the Purkyne fibres

Question 34

Cardiomyocyte

Answer 34

A heart muscle

Question 35

Carrier

Answer 35

A person carrying an allele that is not expressed in their phenotype, but that can be passed onto their offspring

Question 36

Carrying capacity

Answer 36

The maximum stable population size of a species that an ecosystem can support

Question 37

Casual relationship

Answer 37

Where a change in one variable causes a change in the other

Question 38

cDNA

Answer 38

A DNA copy mRNA made using reverse transcriptase

Question 39

Chemical mediator

Answer 39

A chemical messenger that acts locally

Question 40

Chemiosmosis

Answer 40

The process of electrons flowing down the electron transport chain and