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GEOG Coasts - AQA > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

What is a system?

A

where a set of components work together (inputs) they interact as processes and create patterns of landforms (outputs)

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2
Q

What are open systems?

A

a system in which both mass and energy are allowed to transfer across a system boundary. there may be flow of matter as well as energy into or out of the system.

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3
Q

What are inputs?

A

any element introduced to the system from outside

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4
Q

What are components?

A

coastal inputs, transfers, processes, outputs and system feedback

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5
Q

What are stores?

A

the stores of sediment and material such as beaches and spits

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6
Q

What are flows/transfers?

A

stores such as sediment on a beach, and flows, such as longshire drift moving sediment along the coast.

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7
Q

What are outputs?

A

refers to material or energy outputs such as rip tide and ocean currents.

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8
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

a steady state reached when a reversible reaction occurs at the same rate in both directions and has an unchanging ratio of products and reactants.

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9
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

amplifying the usually processes

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10
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

reduces and possibly reverses the usual processes

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11
Q

What is backshore?

A

the part of the beach lying between the beach face and the dune foot or the coastline.

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12
Q

What is foreshore?

A

the area between the high tide and the low tide mark.

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13
Q

What is inshore?

A

the area between the low water mark and the point where the waves cease to have any influence on the land around them.

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14
Q

What is offshore?

A

the area beyond the point where waves cease to impact the sea bed and in which activity is limited to the deposition of sediment.

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15
Q

What is the smash zone?

A

the area where a turbulent layer of water washes up the beach following the breaking of a wave.

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16
Q

What is the surf zone?

A

the area between the point where waves break forming a foamy, bubbly surface and where the waves then move up the beach as swash in the swash zone.

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17
Q

What is erosion?

A

the wearing away of the earths surface by the mechanical action of processes of glaciers, wind, rivers and marine waves.

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18
Q

What is fetch?

A

the distance of open water which the wind blows

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19
Q

What is mass movement?

A

the movement of material downhill under influence of gravity but may also be assisted by rainfall

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20
Q

What is weathering?

A

the breakdown and/or decay of rock at or near the earths surface creating regolith that remains in situ until it is moved later by erosional processes

21
Q

What is prevailing wind?

A

winds that blow from a single direction over a specific area of the earth

22
Q

What is abrasion?

A

when rocks and other materials carried by the sea are locked up by strong waves and thrown against the coastline causing more material to be broken off

23
Q

What is wave height?

A

the height difference between a waves crest and trough

24
Q

What is wavelength?

A

the distance between successive crests

25
Q

What is amplitude?

A

the distance from the centre line to the top of a crest or the bottom of a trough

26
Q

What is wave frequency?

A

the time taken for one wave to travel the distance of one wave length

27
Q

What is backwash?

A

the movement of water down a beach to the sea after having run up the beach in the swash

28
Q

What are constructive waves?

A

low energy waves that result in the build-up of material on the shoreline

29
Q

What are deconstructive wave?

A

weak swash and strong backwash. the string backwash removes sediment from the beach. the waves are steep and close together

30
Q

What is the swash?

A

the running of water up a beach under the momentum of a breaking wave

31
Q

What is a storm beach?

A

some material is thrown up and beyond the usual high water mark because of the large waves

32
Q

What does refracted mean?

A

involves waves breaking onto an irregular shaped coastline

33
Q

What is littoral drift?

A

the movement of material along the shore by wave action. it happens when waves approach the beach at an angle

34
Q

What are rip currents?

A

an intermittent strong surface current flowing seaward from the shore

35
Q

What is upwelling?

A

the upward limb of a convection current. usually applied to a convection plume in the mantle of the upward movement of water in an ocean current

36
Q

What is wave refraction?

A

a changing direction of the waves

37
Q

What are tides?

A

the regular rising/falling in the level of the sea that differ depending on the time of day and year caused by the gravitation pill of the sun/moon

38
Q

What are spring tides?

A

twice in a lunar month, when the moon, sun + earth are in a straight line, the tide rising force is the strongest, this makes the highest monthly tidal range.

39
Q

What are neap tides?

A

twice a month, the moon and the sun are positioned at 90° to each other in relation to the earth, this gives the lowest monthly tidal range.

40
Q

What is the coastal sediment budget?

A

the amount of sediment going in and coming out of a system

41
Q

What is a high energy coast?

A

those that are exposed to strong, steady, zonal winds and fronts with high wave energies in the high latitude storm waves and low latitude swells

42
Q

What are low energy coasts?

A

sheltered from storms and swells by accident topographical features, by their position in a climatic belt, by gentle offshore topography, or a combination of these factors

43
Q

What is a sediment cell?

A

are between 2 headlands where the movement of material is largely self contained

44
Q

What are marine processes?

A

processes associated with the action of waves

45
Q

What are sub-aerial processes?

A

the processes of weathering and mass movement

46
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

when air/water get into cracks in ticks and break them away causing erosion

47
Q

What is wave quarrying?

A

happens when high energy, tall waves hit the cliff face and have the power to enlarge joints and removed large chunks of rock in one go through vibration

48
Q

What is abrasion/corrasion?

A

rocks hitting cliffs and chilling it away

GEOG Coasts - AQA (14 decks)

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