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Geography > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

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1
Q

Abrasion

A

The process by which rocks within ice sheets and rivers scrape and erode the land over which they pass.

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2
Q

Arête

A

A narrow ridge between two corries, created as corries are formed on two adjacent sides of a mountain.

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3
Q

Corrie

A

An armchair-shaped hollow on the side of a mountain. They form by ice filling a hollow and eroding the side of the mountain through abrasion and plucking and by rotational movement at the base of the hollow. When the glacier melts a lake or lock may be left called a Corrie-loch or tarn.

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4
Q

Country park

A

An area in the countryside surrounding a town or city that has been set aside for people to visit.

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5
Q

Erosion

A

The process by which rocks and landscapes are worn away by agents such as moving ice, wind, flowing water and sea/wave action.

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6
Q

Forestry commission

A

This organisation is responsible for planting and looking after forests throughout the uk.

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7
Q

Glacier

A

A large mass of moving ice that changes the shape of the land over which it is passing.

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8
Q

Land use conflict

A

This occurs when different activities compete with each other to make use of the land.

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9
Q

National Park Authority

A

The organisation that looks after Britain’s National Parks. It also aims to protect these areas outstanding scenic beauty.

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10
Q

Plucking

A

The process by which moving ice tears rocks from the surface over which it moves.

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11
Q

Pyramidal peak

A

A jagged peak on top of a mountain

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12
Q

Settlement

A

A place where people live

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13
Q

Spit

A

A long, narrow pice of land made of sand or shingle, jutting out into the sea, formed by marine disposition.

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14
Q

Transportation

A

The process by which rock particles are carried by rivers, glaciers or wind.

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15
Q

Truncated spur

A

A piece of land, the bottom of which at one time jutted into a valley and was cut away or eroded by a glacier flowing through the valley.

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16
Q

U-shaped valley

A

A valley with very high, steep-sides and a wide, flat bottom formed by a glacier flowing through the original valley.

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17
Q

Weathering

A

The process by which rocks are worn away. This may be through physical action, such as flowing water or wind, or through a chemical reaction between rocks and rainfall, which may have become acidic.

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18
Q

Active population

A

That section of the population of a country which is economically active/working.

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19
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of births per thousand of the population in a country in a given year.

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20
Q

Death rate

A

The number of deaths per thousand of the population in a country in a given year.

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21
Q

Demographic Transition Model

A

Shows the different stages of population a country goes through towards development.

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22
Q

Developed countries

A

Sometimes referred to as ‘more economically developed countries’ (MEDCs).

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23
Q

Developing countries

A

Sometimes referred to as ‘less economically developed countries’ (LEDCs).

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24
Q

GNP

A

Gross national product - the value of all goods and services produced by a country, in a given year.

25
Q

Infant mortality

A

Number of kids below 1 that die each year.

26
Q

Population density

A

The average number of people within an area.

27
Q

Population structure

A

The grouping of the population by age and sex.

28
Q

Standard of living

A

The level of economic well-being of people in a country.

29
Q

Central business District

A

The zone that contains the major shops, offices, restaurants etc. In an urban area - normally at centre of settlement at junction of main roads.

30
Q

Commuter settlements

A

Small settlements on the outskirts of major towns and cities where people who work in the CBD live.

31
Q

Dereliction and urban decay

A

Closed and abandoned buildings (mines, offices or industries) which often produce visual pollution .

32
Q

Greenbelt

A

Area surrounding cities and towns in which laws control developments to protect the countryside.

33
Q

Inner city

A

Area near the centre of a city that basically consists of the older manufacturing zone and low-cost housing zone.

34
Q

Land Use zones

A

These are areas of a settlement where certain functions are dominant, eg. The industrial zone.

35
Q

Pedestrainised zones

A

Traffic free zones, usually within a city centre and used for walking and sitting.

36
Q

Renewal and regeneration

A

When older buildings are demolished and replaced by completely different new buildings.

37
Q

Settlement function

A

Individual activities that settlements perform,e.g. Commercial, industrial, transport etc.

38
Q

Traffic congestion

A

Heavy build-up of traffic along major routes which cause serious problems and pollution in many cities.

39
Q

Arable farming

A

Farms where the main activity and income source is the growing of crops.

40
Q

Biofuels

A

Non-fossil fuels, obtained from various sources such as gas from animals and crops.

41
Q

Cereal crops

A

Crops that are grain crops such as oats, wheat etc.

42
Q

Diversification

A

Adding different enterprises to a farm in order to improve income and allow the farmer to be less dependent on income from farm produce.

43
Q

Drainage

A

If the underlying rock in an area is clay, bog and marshland may develop in fields - pipes are then lead to drain excess water from the surface and allow land to be farmed.

44
Q

Fertilisers

A

Substances added to increase fertility and improve crop yield.

45
Q

Insecticides

A

Chemicals that kill insects that may be attacking the crops and damaging yields.

46
Q

Organic farming

A

Producing crops and rearing livestock without the use of harmful chemical pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers, antibiotics and growth hormones and no GM organisms or additives.

47
Q

Quotas

A

Limits imposed on farmers in order to limit the output of certain typed of produce to avoid surpluses and therefore a drop in prices.

48
Q

Climate

A

This refers to the average weather conditions in a particular area or region, usually measured from temperature and rainfall data taken over a period of 35 years.

49
Q

Climate change

A

Changes to the average weather conditions over the last 150 years.

50
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Fuels such as coal and oil obtained from the fossilised remains of plants and animals - when burned they produced gases that pollute the atmosphere, including CO2 (a greenhouse gas).

51
Q

Global Warming

A

A rise in average global surface temperatures - it began in the mid-nineteen century and is still continuing.

52
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

The process by which the Earth’s atmosphere traps energy from the sun and warms the Earth - it is increasing due to the release of additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

53
Q

Pollutants

A

Materials that are released into the environment and ultimately cause damage to the physical landscape and atmosphere.

54
Q

Renewable energy

A

The use of technology to produce cleaner sources of energy that can be continually renewed.

55
Q

Ecotourism

A

The main aim of this type of tourism is to educate tourists on ecological issues such as conservation and the protection of wildlife and ecosystems.

56
Q

Mass tourism

A

Refers to the global tourist industry involving hundreds of thousands of tourists visiting both developed and developing countries of the world.

57
Q

National Parks

A

Areas that are designed as being under the control and protection of National Park Authorities but are open to the public.

58
Q

Regulatory boards

A

Boards designed to set controls on the impact of tourism on natural environments.

59
Q

Sustainable tourism

A

This involves monitoring the impact of tourism on society, culture and local ecology and ensuring that it has a positive rather than a negative effect on these areas.

Geography (10 decks)

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