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Key Words Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Mode

A

Method of communication (spoken, written, multimodal)

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2
Q

What is a Field

A

What the text is about, may include use of specialist or non specialist language, particular occupations, professions or areas of interest have their own specialised vocabulary, sometimes referred to as jargon

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3
Q

What is Function

A

Intended purpose of the text, depends on function, social situation, social language, or language to inform or persuade might be used

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4
Q

What is Audience

A

Intended recipients, includes relationship/assumed relationship between speaker/hearer, or writer/reader, can include synthetic personalisation

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5
Q

What is Phonetics

A

Study of how the human vocal tract produces sound and of the ways these sounds can be recorded and studied

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6
Q

What is Phonology

A

Deal with how sounds work to create meaning in language

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7
Q

What is Prosody/Suprasegmental features

A

The lexical significant elements of the utterance, or words, including non fluency features like “erm”, where extra meaning is added by stress, rhythm, pitch, intonation and volume (these all being features)

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8
Q

What is Lexis

A

Deals with how words enter our language, become obsolete, and the vocabulary of English and the changes in it both socially and historically

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9
Q

What is Morphology

A

The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language

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10
Q

What is Syntax

A

Word order

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11
Q

What is Semantics

A

Analysis of word meanings

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12
Q

What is Discourse

A

Conversation and interaction, it’s about text type and text structures

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13
Q

What is Pragmatics

A

Context

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14
Q

What is Graphology

A

Everything to do with texts and writing

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15
Q

What is a Phoneme

A

Phoneme, in linguistics, smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word (or word element) from another, as the element p in “tap,” which separates that word from “tab,” “tag,” and “tan.”

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16
Q

What is a Syllable

A

A syllable is a part of a word that contains sounds (phonemes) of a word. It usually has a vowel in it.

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17
Q

What is Accommodation

A

Changing ones self through either Convergence or Divergence to a certain situation

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18
Q

What is the IPA (international phonetic alphabet)

A

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of speech sounds in written form.

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19
Q

What is Diphthong

A

a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in coin, loud, and side ).

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20
Q

What is a Hypernym

A

a hypernym is a word whose meaning includes the meanings of other words. For instance, flower is a hypernym of daisy and rose

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21
Q

What is Register

A

The way you speak depending on the situation

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22
Q

What is Idiolect

A

An individuals way of speaking that is unique to them (vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation)

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23
Q

What is Dialect

A

A form of language that people speak depending on social or geographical factors

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24
Q

What is Sociolect

A

The way in which a particular social group speak

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25
Q

What is a concrete noun

A

Noun denoting a material object that is tangible

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26
Q

What is an Abstract noun

A

A noun denoting to something that is intangible

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27
Q

What is a collective noun

A

A grouped party of nouns

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28
Q

What is a proper noun

A

A noun that identifies a single entity and is used to refer to that entity, like a name

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29
Q

What is a common noun

A

A noun that refers to a class of entities and may be used when referring to instances of classes

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30
Q

What is a conjunction

A

A word to connect clauses or sentences, such as and, but, if

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31
Q

What is a preposition

A

Words that fill in the blanks in a sentence, can be viewed as glue words, such as on, to, from, in, by and out

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32
Q

What is an adjective

A

Described and qualifies noun, or an attribute of a noun, such as red or technical

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33
Q

What is dialectics

A

a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned methods of argumentation. the art of determining the truth by the logical exchange of ideas and opinions

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34
Q

What are discourse markers

A

A discourse marker is a word or a phrase that plays a role in managing the flow and structure of discourse

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35
Q

What is Occupational register

A

a technical vocabulary associated with a particular occupation or activity

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36
Q

What is a word class

A

a word class is a set of words that display the same formal properties

37
Q

What is Deixis

A

the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context

38
Q

What is irony

A

the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite of what is actually said

39
Q

What is a possessive pronoun?

A

A word that denotes ownership, mine and yours

40
Q

What is an interrogative pronoun?

A

Used to question, such as who what where and why

41
Q

What are verbs?

A

A word that denotes action

42
Q

What is a dynamic verb?

A

A word of action that is tangible, dive or sprint

43
Q

What is a stative verb?

A

A verb that does not refer to a physical action, they express a state or condition, like thinking or worrying

44
Q

What is an adverb?

A

A word that modifies or shows how a verb is played out such as slowly, rapidly or badly

45
Q

What is intertextuality?

A

A process which texts borrow from or refer to conventions of other texts for a specific purpose and effect

46
Q

What is an antonym?

A

A word that’s opposite to another word, such as hot and cold

47
Q

What is a homophone?

A

A word that sounds the same to another word such as “their” and “they’re”

48
Q

What is a pronoun?

A

A word that substitutes for a noun, he or she

49
Q

What is a euphemism?

A

Words that are more socially acceptable

50
Q

What is a dysphemism?

A

Words that are less socially acceptable

51
Q

What is a descriptive writing?

A

Taking an approach to language and study that focussed on how language is used

52
Q

What is prescriptive writing?

A

Taking an approach to writing on rules of notion and correctness

53
Q

What is onomatopoeia?

A

A word that sounds like the action, breaks down into lexical and non lexical onomatopoeia

54
Q

What is schema?

A

A bundle of knowledge

55
Q

What is positive face need?

A

A universal human need to feel valued and appreciated

56
Q

What is negative face need?

A

A universal human need to feel independent and not be imposed upon

57
Q

What is a face threatening act?

A

An act of speech that has the potential to damage someone’s self esteem

58
Q

What is a false start?

A

When a speaker begins to speak, stops then starts again

59
Q

What is repair?

A

When a speaker corrects some aspects of what they have said, either grammatically or lexically

60
Q

What is a skip connector?

A

A word or phrase that returns the conversation to a previous topic

61
Q

What is speaker support?

A

Words or phrases that show attention or agreement and encourage a speaker to carry on talking

62
Q

What is the frozen level of formality?

A

The most formal level of language

63
Q

What is the formal level of language?

A

The level that is normally used by a speaker addressing an audience where interruption and interaction are not normally permitted

64
Q

What is the consultive level of language?

A

The level of formality normally used in exchanges between people who are not family, friends, or acquaintances, but where interaction between and among speakers is the norm

65
Q

What is the causal level of language?

A

Used between people who know each other well in informal setting, colloquial

66
Q

What is a topic sentence?

A

The first line in a paragraph that tells you what the paragraph is going to be about

67
Q

What is the subtext?

A

The underlying or implied meaning of a text

68
Q

What is a tag question?

A

A short question used at the end of a sentence often inciting agreement with the speaker

69
Q

What is plain English?

A

Communication your audience can understand the first time they read it

70
Q

What is face work?

A

The effort we put in to manage our public image

71
Q

What is positive politeness?

A

Using language that would seem appealing and friendly, choosing language that bridges closeness, includes juxtaposing criticisms with compliments, establishing common ground, using jokes, nicknames, tag questions, spearfish discourse markers “please” and in group slang/jargon

72
Q

What is negative politeness?

A

Making a request less intriguing such as “if you don’t mind” or “if it isn’t too much trouble…” which respects a persons right to act freely

73
Q

What is a face saving act?

A

Saying something that reduces a possible threat to another persons self image

74
Q

What is a cryptolect?

A

Language used to confuse and exclude others while others can still understand

75
Q

What is rhetoric?

A

The art of persuasion or means by which language can be manipulated to persuade an audience

76
Q

What is Anaphora?

A

Repetition of words at the beginning of a sentence, such as Martin Luther King “I have a dream, I have a dream, I have a dream”

77
Q

What is deliberative rhetoric?

A

Policy, or persuasion on making laws, campaigns, movements and advertisement

78
Q

What is forensic rhetoric?

A

Fact finding for justice, such as in a court of law

79
Q

What is Epideictic Rhetoric?

A

Ritual entertainment to promote community values, such as rituals or ceremonies

80
Q

What is ethos?

A

The credibility and trust of a speaker, can be shown through credibility and a big name title. Refers to the writer

81
Q

What is pathos?

A

Emotion and empathy, the appeal of pathos in a speech makes a person feel excited, sad, angry, and a number of different emotions that may sway them to your persuasion. Refers to the audience

82
Q

What is logos?

A

Logos is the reasoned argument, the facts and proof to a claim. Refers to the text

83
Q

What is hyperbole?

A

Exaggeration for effect

84
Q

What is alliteration?

A

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected words

85
Q

What is sibilance?

A

Strongly stressed consonants are created deliberately by producing air from vocal tracts through the use of lips and tongue, normally S

86
Q

What is Fricative?

A

denoting a type of consonant made by the friction of breath in a narrow opening, producing a turbulent air flow, normally an F and Th

87
Q

What are superlative and comparative adjectives?

A

A Comparative Adjective is a word that describes a noun by comparing it to another noun (better, less, more, elder). Comparative adjectives typically end in ‘er’ and are followed by the word ‘than’. A Superlative Adjective is a word that describes a noun by comparing it to two or more nouns to the highest or lowest degree (best, least, most, eldest)

88
Q

What is a coordinated and subordinate conjunction?

A

Coordinating conjunctions include FANBOYS for and nor but or yet so. Subordinate conjunctions include because, although, since and before

english lang a level (6 decks)

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