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Divine infection > Key Viruses - Non-blood borne > Flashcards

Key Viruses - Non-blood borne Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 key Non-blood borne Viruses?

A
  • Adenovirus
  • Herpes virus
  • Norovirus
  • Herpes zoster (varicella zoster)
  • Dengue fever
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2
Q

Describe structure of Adenovirus?

A
  • dsDNA linear
  • Icosahedral
  • Non-enveloped
  • Viral fibres on surface
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3
Q

Transmission of Adenovirus?

A
  • Respiratory route via inhalation of droplets
  • Inoculation of eye by virus-infected hand
  • Infected bodies of water
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4
Q

Mode of infection of Adenovirus?

A
  • Attachment to host cell receptors by tips of viral fibres.
  • entry by receptor-mediated endocytosis
  • replication inside the cell
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5
Q

Virulence of adenovirus?

A
  • Icosahedral capsid = protects viral Nucleic acid

- viral fibres = allow attachment to host cell

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6
Q

Conditions linked to adenovirus?

A 
- Respiratory disease (acute resp. Disease, viral
   pneumonia)
- ocular infections (conjunctivitis)
- gastrointestinal infections (latent)
- urinary tract infections
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7
Q

Investigations for Adenovirus?

A
  • viral PCR & ELISA test = using stool sample
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8
Q

Treatments for Adenovirus?

A
  • vaccine
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9
Q

Describe structure of norovirus?

A
  • ssRNA
  • Non-enveloped
  • single capsid protein
  • spherical shape
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10
Q

Transmission of Norovirus?

A
  • Faecal-oral route
  • person to person
  • infected surfaces
  • contaminated food and water
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11
Q

Virulence factors for Norovirus?

A
  • capsid protein
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12
Q

Conditions commonly liked to Norovirus?

A
  • Acute gastroenteritis
  • winter vomiting bug
  • nausea, Diarrhoea & vomiting
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13
Q

Investigations for norovirus?

A

PCR then…

  • Radioimmunoassay
  • ELISA
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14
Q

treatment for Norovirus?

A

Prevention =
- proper hand washing, PPE, aseptic technique, kitchen hygiene to prevent contamination of food.

Treatment = isolate/quarantine patient
- immune system usually deals with it within 48 hrs.
Therefore only supportive treatments —
- fluid resus
- maintenance of physiological integrity
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15
Q

Describe structure of Herpes simplex virus?

A
  • dsDNA
  • Icosahedral capsid
  • enveloped
  • tegument
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16
Q

Transmission of herpes simplex virus?

A

Sexually transmitted
Direct contact with —
- virus-containing secretions or lesions.
> on mucosal or cutaneous surfaces

Can pass by asymptomatic shedding

17
Q

Mode of infection of herpes simplex virus?

A
  • During cell growth, the genome of the virus is replicated along with the chromosomes of the host cell.
  • Latent infection is that produced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a Latent infection.
  • The result of reactivation of HSV-1 = cold sores, fever etc.
19
Q

Virulence factors of Herpes simplex virus?

A
  • icosahedral capsid
  • envelope
  • tegument = contains virus-encoded enzymes & transcription factors
20
Q

Symptoms of herpes simplex virus?

A

Flu-like symptoms

  • fever
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • appetite loss
  • blistering sores (both)
  • pain on urination (genital)
  • itchiness
  • eye pain & redness
21
Q

Investigations for herpes simplex virus?

A
  • characteristic patient examination

- viral PCR

22
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex virus?

A
  • Acyclovir
23
Q

Describe shape of herpes zoster (varicella zoster)?

A
  • dsDNA
  • Tegument
  • surface glycoproteins
  • enveloped
24
Q

Transmission of herpes zoster?

A

Person to person with —

  • causal contact
  • respiratory droplets
25
Q

Varicella zoster mode of infection?

A

Incubation period (primary viremia)

  • infection of upper resp. Mucosa by virus II gets droplets
  • virus spreads to regional lymph nodes, where it replicates
  • virus spreads to liver and spleen

Contagious period (secondary viremia)

  • infection of skin leads to appearance of vesicular rash.
  • also fever and other symptoms.

Latency
- virus enters cutaneous neurones and migrates to dorsal root ganglia where it enters a latent state

26
Q

Conditions linked to herpes simplex virus?

A

HSV- type 1 = oral herpes
- cold sores on/around mouth, fever, blisters

HSV- type 2 = genital herpes
- Genital infections

Eye infections

27
Q

Virulence factors for varicella zoster (herpes zoster)

A
  • latency
  • envelope
  • tegument
28
Q

Conditions linked to varicella zoster (herpes zoster)?

A
  • Chicken pox (varicella zoster)
  • shingles (varicella reactivates as herpes zoster)
    > shingles rash occurs only in one dermatome
  • skin infections
  • rash
29
Q

Investigations for varicella zoster (herpes zoster)?

A

serum antibody test

30
Q

Treatment of varicella zoster/herpes zoster?

A

Supportive for chicken pox

  • painkillers
  • fluids

Specific
- antivirals = acyclovir

31
Q

Describe structure of dengue fever virus?

A
  • ssRNA
  • arbovirus
  • 4 serotypes
  • Capsid protein
  • viral proteins
32
Q

Transmission of dengue fever?

A

Mosquitoes vector (most common in Asia)

33
Q

Virulence factors of dengue fever?

A
  • M protein
  • E dimer protein
  • capsid protein
34
Q

Symptoms of dengue fever

A

First infection ranges from:
- asymptomatic to severe febrile illness
> lasts 1-5 days
> improved 3-4 days after rash

Fever, myalgia, back pain, headache behind eyes & other non-specific symptoms.

— Re-infection with different serotype results in antibody dependent enhancement.

35
Q

Commonly linked conditions to dengue fever?

A
  • Dengue haemorrhagic fever (most commonly in children and hyper-endemic areas)
  • Dengue shock syndrome
36
Q

investigations for Dengue fever?

A

Dengue PCR = +ve result if patient has dengue

Dengue serology = +ve result if patient has dengue

37
Q

Treatment for dengue fever?

A
  • supportive treatment only for first infection
38
Q

Describe and explain Latency of herpes zoster?

A

Latency =
- Virus infection cleared, but it remains in the cell and can re-infect if immune system weak
- Reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus as herpes zoster
- occurs when patient is Immunosuppressed and poor nutrition.
= immunosystem weak and so latent bacteria opportunistically infects ad re-activates

Divine infection (6 decks)

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