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cold war-widening > key us policys in asia > Flashcards

key us policys in asia Flashcards

1
Q

what was the overall aim of us policy in asia

A

containment of communism

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2
Q

what led to a shift in us policy

A

rising threat of communism in asia

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3
Q

what are the 7 key things in relation to us policy in asia

A

japan
china
defensive perimeter
NSC-68
korea
alliance building
vietnam

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4
Q

what was japan crucial for

A

containment

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5
Q

since what was japan under us occupation

A

potsdam declaration aug 1945

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6
Q

what were the us aims in japan

A

demilitarise
democratise
neutralise
containmaent

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7
Q

in what way did the us try to achieve their aim of demilitarisation in japan

A

new liberal constitution
rehabilitation of japanese right wing politicians

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8
Q

when was the new liberal constitution in japan introduced

A

may 1947

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9
Q

in what ways did the us try to achieve their aim of economic reconstruction in japan

A

membership in GATT
ballence budget, efficient tax, wage control, regulate trade

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10
Q

when was the sanfransisco peace treaty

A

september 1951

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11
Q

what did the sanfransisco peace treaty give japan

A

sovereignty

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12
Q

what did the sanfransisco peace treaty give the us

A

use of Japanese military bases
Control of Okinawa
Use force in internal Japanese affairs

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13
Q

from when could Japan begin to rearm

A

1951

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14
Q

what did Japanese rearmament help to do?

A

Contain communism in other areas like Korea

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15
Q

what did the US aim to do to China?

A

Isolate them

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16
Q

Who did the US support in China?

A

goumindong/jiang jishi

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17
Q

how did the us support goumindong/jiang jishi

A

In secret and once the Cold War in Asia intensified with economic and military support

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18
Q

When was the defensive perimeter speech?

A

January 1950

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19
Q

Who gave the defensive perimeter speech?

A

Secretary of State Dean Atchison

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20
Q

what did the defensive perimeter speech define?

A

The US defence strategy outlining the area the US saw as critical for the defence of US interests

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21
Q

What would the US do for the countries in the defensive perimeter?

A

Protect them

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22
Q

What are some countries included in the defensive perimeter speech?

A

Japan
the philippines

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23
Q

what are some areas excluded from the defensive perimeter speech?

A

Taiwan and Korea

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24
Q

what led to the NSC?

A

The fall of China and the US are developing the bomb in 1949 to our review of US strategic priorities

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25
Q

When was the NSC 68?

A

April 1950

26
Q

What were the key points made in the NSC 68?

A

rejected preventative war
Rejected isolation
Increase tax for a larger military
Increase nuclear weapons

27
Q

How was the NSC 68 used?

A

It was adopted and shaped as US policy after the outbreak of the Korean War

28
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

June 1950 July 1953

29
Q

What was the result of the Korean War on the division of Korea?

A

The line dividing career basically stayed the same

30
Q

How did the Korean War affect the security of the northern south?

A

A long-term security at the north and the south was protected

31
Q

what did the Korean War do to the USSR?

A

It weaken the USSR making containment, arguably easier

32
Q

What did the U Korean War inspire the US to commit to?

A

preventing the further spread of communism in East Asia and Taiwan

33
Q

Who is SEATO created by?

A

Dulles

34
Q

when was SEATO created?

A

September 1954

35
Q

Under what was SEATO created

A

The alliance building portion of Ike’s new look

36
Q

what triggered the creation of SEATO created?

A

in response to the strengthening Sino Soviet alliance

37
Q

What did SEATO aim to protect?

A

Newly independent Southeast Asian states from communism

38
Q

what countries in Asia were covered by the alliance

A

Thailand and the Philippines

39
Q

What countries were not covered by SEATO which probably should’ve been

A

South Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

40
Q

what theory was believed in in relation to Vietnam?

A

Domino theory

41
Q

what was the impact of domino theory?

A

Influenced US policy in the 50s and 60s

42
Q

when was the domino theory first introduced?

A

April 1954

43
Q

What led to increased US policy in Indo China?

A

The French Indo China war and domino theory

44
Q

what did the Indochina war end with?

A

The Geneva conference

45
Q

When was the Geneva conference?

A

July 1954

46
Q

What was agreed in the Geneva conference?

A

division of Vietnam
French leave the north
Nationalists leave the south
Elections in two years

47
Q

why was containment seen as necessary

A

As by 1955, the communist world looks set to expand at the expense of the west

48
Q

did elections promised in the Geneva conference happen

A

No

49
Q

what was the domino theory?

A

The belief that if Vietnam fell to communism, it will create a chain reaction

50
Q

What were the key aims in Vietnam under Kennedy?

A

Containment and a non-communist Vietnam

51
Q

What were the two key policies in Vietnam under Kennedy?

A

flexible response
Strategic Hamlet’s program

52
Q

when was flexible response introduced?

A

1961

53
Q

What was flexible response?

A

The expansion of non-nuclear military capabilities to reduce the possibility of nuclear war

54
Q

Give an example of flexible response in Vietnam

A

strengthening of the South Vietnamese army through economic and material age and advisers with counter insurgency

55
Q

What was nation building?

A

US economic assistance could help create a Democratic government to resist communism

56
Q

when was the strategic hamlets program introduced?

A

1962

57
Q

what was the aim of the strategic cabinets program?

A

Contain the influence of NLF by placing peasants in fortresses surrounded by barricades

58
Q

how many strategic cameras were there by the end of 1962?

A

3000

59
Q

did the strategic hamlets program work?

A

No, they just increased NLF recruitment and the scheme collapsed

60
Q

What did the US policy of containment do in Asia post? 1955?

A

It turned the regional conflict in Vietnam to proxy war of the Cold War

61
Q

who introduced domino theory

A

Eisenhower in a speech about Indo china

cold war-widening (10 decks)

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