Key Trends in Men's Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of cancer amongst men?

A

Prostate cancer

causes the most deaths amongst men over 65

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2
Q

What is the cancer risk difference between men and women?

A

Mean are 67% more likely to die from common cancers that affect both sezes

Men are 37% more liekly to die from cancer overall

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3
Q

How do the complications of diabetes affect men differently to women?

A

Men x2 more likely to sufffer from complications e.g. foot ulcers, requiring amputation or prematurely dying

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4
Q

What is the biggest cause of death for men under 45?

A

Suicide

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5
Q

What is the peak age group for death from suicide in men?

A

45-49

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6
Q

What factors affecting men’s mental health are linked to increased rates of suicide?

A
  • More likely to repsond to stress by risk taking behaviour e.g. misuse of alcohol
  • Relationship breakdowns - marraige breakdown more likely to lead to suicide in men vs women
  • Emotional facotrs: men less likely to have a positive view of talking therapy
  • Socio-economic: unemployed are 2-3x more likely to die by suicide
  • Mid life- experiencing greater unhappiness
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7
Q

Why are men less likely to visit their GP than women (37% vs 53%) when workin full time?

A
  • Embarrassed/ ashamed to take time off for mental health issues
  • Concerned employer may think worse of them
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8
Q

What factors are assessed when evaluating CVS risk?

A
  • Age/ Gender
  • Smoking status
  • Diabetes
  • BMI
  • Existing heart conditions
  • CKD
  • Total HDL/ Cholesterol
  • Blood pressure
  • Ethnicity
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9
Q

What is one of the major causes of erectile dysfunction in men?

A

Diabetes

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10
Q

What should you ask on taking a history of a man presenting with erectile dysfunction?

A
  • What does the patient consider the cause to be
  • Determine duration of problem
  • Determine whether related to time, place or partner
  • Ask about loss of sex drive/ dislike for sexual contact
  • Explore sourcesof stress, anxiety, guilt or anger
  • Ask about physical problems e.g. pain
  • Exclude illness that may affect sexual performance e.g. CVS, testosterone/ thryroid deficiency, pelvic/spinal trauma, surgery
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11
Q

What are some of the leading physical causes of erectile dysfunction?

A
  • Atherosclerosis (40% of cases men >50)
  • Smoking cigarettes (80% of ED cases)
  • Cycling (very often)- damage to key blood vessels
  • Spinal cord injury
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12
Q

How can erectile dysfunction arise as a side effect of other health conditions?

A
  • Side effect of drugs e.g. high blood pressure, heart disease, depression, peptic ulcers, cancer (25% of cases)
  • Prostate gland surgery / other pelvic surgery
  • 30% of men with radical prostatectomy will experience ED
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13
Q

How can regular heavy drinking lead to erectile dysfunction?

A

Alcohol damages the nerves leading to the penis and reduces testosterone levels and increases oestrogen levels

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14
Q

What are some of the psychological causes of erectile dysfunction?

A
  • Stress and anxiety
  • Depression
  • Relationship conflicts
  • Sexual boredome
  • Unresolved sexual orientation
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15
Q

What treatments are available for erectile dysfunction?

A
  • Oral drugs
  • Injection therapy - alprostadil causes localised vasodilation → erectin within 15 mins
  • MUSE (medicated urethral system for erection) - alprostadil administered into the erethra by plastic applicator
  • Vacuum pumps
  • Penile implant
  • Therapy
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16
Q

What are some risk factors for developing lower urinary tract symptoms in men?

A
  • Increased serum dihydrotestosterone levels
  • Obesity
  • Elevated fasting glucose
  • Diabetes
  • Fat and red meat intake
  • Inflammation
17
Q

What are some ‘filling’ symptoms for LUTS?

A
  • Urinary frequency
  • Urgency
  • Dysuria
  • Nocturia
18
Q

What are some ‘voiding’ symptoms for LUTS?

A
  • Poor stream
  • Hesitancy
  • Terminal driblling
  • Incomplete voiding
  • Overflow incontinence