Key Topic 4 'I Have A Dream', 1954-68 Flashcards
What did President Harry Truman state publicly prior to 1954
Prior to 1954, President Harry Truman stated publicly that he disagreed with the discrimination faced by black people
Where were cases of desegregation brought from 1952 onward
From 1952 onwards, cases for desegregation were brought to the Supreme Court
What was 1954 a turning point in
1954 was a turning point in civil rights campaigns
Who helped Civil Right campaigns become successful
This was largely due to the work of the NAACP
When was the NAACP formed
NAACP formed in 1909
How did the NAACP work on civil right campaigns
The group worked on civil rights campaigns by lobbying politicians, boycotting segregated services and using publicity to draw sympathy and support for their movement
What activists did the NAACP have
They had extremely talented activists such as the lawyer Thurgood Marshall
What did Thurgood Marshall get the Supreme Court to do in 1950
In 1950 he successfully managed to get the Supreme Court to rule against segregation in universities and railroad dining cars
Who is Oliver Brown
Oliver Brown, a minister for Topeka
What did Oliver Brown want for his daughter
Oliver Brown wanted his daughter Linda Brown to attend a white school
What race was Linda Brown
Linda Brown was black
How old was Linda Brown in 1954
Linda Brown was 7 years old in 1954
How far did Linda Brown have to walk to get to her segregated school
Linda Brown had to walk 20 blocks to get to her segregated school
How far was the school for white people away from Linda Brown
The school for white people was a few blocks from Linda Brown house
What did the NAACP help Oliver Brown do
The NAACP helped her father to bring a legal case against the education board who refused to allow Linda Brown to go to the white school
What lawyers did the NAACP use on the Brown v Board of Education case
Thurgood Marshall and Chief Justice Earl Warren presented their case to the Supreme Court
What did Chief Justice Earl Warren state publicly
Even if the facilities were ‘separate but equal’, the very fact that black children were kept separate was psychologically harmful to them
What was the Supreme Courts ruling on the Brown v Board of Education case
The Supreme Court declared that segregation contradicted the 14th Amendment and the American Constitution
Was the Brown v Board of Education a success or failure for civil right campaigns
This was a phenomenal success for the Civil Rights Campaign
What didn’t the supreme court give for the desegregation of scholls
The Supreme Court did not give a specific date that segregation in schools had to be abolished by
What didn’t many education boards do
Many education boards were reluctant to desegregate
What states had schools start to desegregate first
Some schools which were not in the deep Southern States started to desegregate in areas such as Washington DC, Delaware and Maryland
By 1956 how many Southern States had no black children attending a white school
By 1956, in 6 Southern States, not a single black child attended a white school
What was formed to defend white schools against desegregation
White Citizen’s Councils were quickly formed through the South to try to defend white schools against desegregation
What happened to membership numbers of White Citizen’s Councils and the KKK after the desegregation of schools
After desegregation of schools membership numbers for White Citizen’s Councils and the KKK rose to a few hundred thousand
What happened to schools in the deep south in states like Virginia
In the deep south resistance was so strong they shut down schools instead of desegregate
What did Brown v Board of Education inspire black people to do
Despite white resistance, Brown v Board of Education inspired further campaigns for black people
Why did the supreme court support desegregation
Many members of the Supreme Court were Democrats who personally disliked segregation and Jim Crow Laws
What idea was emerging in the 1950 on how to overcome racism
There was an emerging idea in the 1950s that racism could be overcome if different races integrated
How did Chief Justice Earl Warren help Brown win his case against the Board of Education
He used his political connections to get others to support desegregation, including fellow Justices
Who didn’t share Chief Justice Earl Warrens views on integrated schools
President Eisenhower, who did not share his views on integrated schools
What is an example of society not wanting to desegregate schools
This can be seen in the case of the Little Rock Nine
How did the little rock nine events start
At the start of term in September 1957, nine black pupils tried to attend a school for white children in Little Rock, Arkansas
