Key Topic 2 The Triumph Of 'Jim Crow', 1883-1890 Flashcards
What Amendment had improved the life of Black Americans
During, reconstruction black American rights had been advanced thanks to the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
What did the 13th Amendment do
The 13th Amendment ended slavery
What did the 14th Amendment do
The 14th Amendment declared black American citizenship
What did the 15th Amendment do
The 15th Amendment enfranchised black males
Who had sustained black rights
These black rights had been sustained by the Republican dominated congress, buy president Ulysses S. Grant, and the federal governments armed forces in the South
What methods did Southern whites use to combat black advancements
White Southerners used violence e.g. KKK and the White league
White Southerners used segregation
What did the new focus on segregation lead the Supreme Court to do
The new focus on segregation led to several Supreme Court rulings that supported Southern White discriminatory practice
What was the Supreme Court sympathetic to
The Supreme Court was sympathetic towards states rights and the right of Southern states to determine their race relations
How was the right of Southern states to determine their own race relations restored
Right of Southern states to determine their own race relations was slowly restored in a Supreme Court rulings in the last quarter of the 19th century
What was the first Supreme Court ruling that was to help rebuild relations with Southern states
The first such ruling was in the Slaughter House Case of 1873
What did the Supreme court rule during the Slaughter House Case
Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment was not designed to transfer control over civil rights issues from the states to the federal government
How did the Slaughter House Case affect black Americans
The Slaughter House Case had not directly involved Black Americans but the ruling on sates’ rights impacted upon them in that it encouraged Southern white racists to use the authority of their states to deprive black Americans of their civil rights
What was the next significant supreme court ruling after the Slaughter House Case that directly involved black Americans
The next significant Supreme Court ruling that directly involved black Americans was the ruling of the Civil Rights Case of 1883
What did the Supreme Court do in 1883
In 1883, the Supreme Court reviewed five similar civil rights cases
Why were Black Americans suing companies
Black Americans had sued transportation companies, hotels and theatres because of exclusion from white only areas
What did the Supreme Court declare to be unconstitutional
The Supreme Court declared the Civil Rights Act and the federal government intervention over racial discrimination on the part of private individuals and organisations to be unconstitutional
What did the Supreme Court ruling do for blacks
The Supreme Court rulings had a negative impact on the black situation
Why was life for black Americans bad after the Civil Rights Cases
- Most white Americans were unmoved by the loss of black civil rights
- The Southern states were empowered to erode the rights black Americans had gained during Reconstruction
What was introduced in all areas of Southern life during the 1880s
During the 1880s, de jure segregation in the form of Jim Crow laws was introduced in all areas of Southern life
What did white Southerners introduce as soon as the war ended
As soon as the war ended, white Southerners introduced segregation
Who was the desire for the separation of the blacks and whites in common places most desirable to
The desire for the physical separation of blacks and whites was common to most white Americans
Who controlled congress in the 1880s
In the 1880s it was a Republican controlled congress
What was passed in Washington DC at the same time as the 14th Amendment
At the same time that Congress passed the 14th Amendment it also authorised segregated schooling in Washington DC
What is De facto segregation
De facto segregation is segregation in fact if not in law
What is de jure segregation
segregation in law
